R eduction of nonrevenue water use is currently a common goal for most water distribution systems. Nonrevenue water consists of water lost either through real losses (e.g., underground leakage) or through apparent losses (e.g., metering inaccuracies and unauthorized use). Reducing the apparent losses caused by meter inaccuracies at low flows can result in substantial short-term increases in uti...

Several factors may contribute to the structural failure of cast/ductile iron water mains, the most important of which is considered to be corrosion. The ANSI/AWWA C105/A21.5–99 10-point scoring (10-P) method is the most common method used to predict soil corrosivity potential, which is based on soil properties. For a given soil sample, each soil property is evaluated for its contribution towar...

Several factors may contribute to the structural failure of cast and ductile iron water mains, the most important of which is considered to be corrosion. The ANSI/AWWA C105/A21.5–99 10-point scoring (10-P) method is commonly used to predict corrosivity potential of a given soil sample using certain soil properties. The 10-P and other scoring methods use binary logic to classify the soil either ...

The aim of this study was to determine the association of cardiovascular disease (CVD) of selected human subjects with the hardness of water they consume. Laboratory testing of physical and chemical parameters of water were made using standardized methods: Standard Methods 19th edn, 1995 (APHA, AWWA & WEF, Washington, DC), and ISO 7888:1985, ISO 10523:1998. Pearson's chi-squared test was used f...

The objective of this paper is to conduct a critical review of cybersecurity procedures and practices in the water distribution sector. Specifically, this paper provides a characterization of the current state of cybersecurity practice and risk management in drinking water systems. This characterization is critically important due to the number of cyber attacks that have occurred against water ...

2016 © American Water Works Association JOURNAL AWWA JULY 2016 | 108:7 Chloramine use is widespread in US drinking water distribution systems as a secondary disinfectant, and its use is predicted to increase with the final implementation of the Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (USEPA 2005). Chloramination is beneficial from the perspective of controlling formation of regul...

Birthdays, retirements, and milestone events—every kind of celebration calls for cake. And parties in the workplace, if you want to feed a large group sugar-starved employees, regular, round, double-layer cake won't do. Instead, need sheet cake—a large, rectangular, single-layer slab chocolate or vanilla sponge frosted with happy tidings maybe few balloons. Sometimes there's ice cream sometimes...

Do you wonder about the future? I sure do. Inevitably, whenever am discussing future of water with colleagues, question comes up: Who will step forward to solve challenges in Bob Parks rolls up his sleeves and gets things done—an ethic learned growing on a farm. Professionally he is project management engineer City Independence Water Department, where makes delivered safely each day. He also vo...

El principal objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la eficacia medición calidad del agua en el río Chambo (Ecuador) a través un programa educativo experiencial. enfoque cuantitativo y diseño cuasi experimental. La se mide utilizando método estándar APHA-AWWA-WEF. Participan 27 estudiantes carrera agronomía 16 agricultores con cultivos aledaños al Chambo. población total (43 per...

The number of slaughterhouse facilities and retail meat shops has been on the rise, leading to an increase in amount wastewater they produce. Wastewater is hazardous environment as it causes deoxygenation water bodies, pollutes groundwater, spreads several diseases if released untreated. study was conducted slaughter slabs Kirtipur Municipality evaluate physicochemical characteristics microbial...