Automatic vehicle location (AVL) data can be used for a variety of operational and planning purposes at a transit agency. One possible application is for passenger itinerary planning, where the passenger seeks to go from an origin to a destination in some “optimal” way. The AVL data give actual vehicle arrival and departure times, which in turn can give more robust itineraries to passengers. Th...

Relevant path planning using public transportation is limited by reliability of the transportation network. In some cases it turns out that we can plan paths with respect to expected delays and hereby improve reliability of the resulting path. In our work we focus on prediction of the delays in public transportation systems. For this purpose we use data from vehicle tracking systems used by tra...

Traditional transit service quality measures separate waiting time from service reliability, thereby underestimating the real cost of waiting and failing to evaluate the impact of unreliability on passengers. Analyzing passenger behavior, we show that for short headway service, the cost of waiting involves not only the mean time spent waiting on the platform, but also “potential waiting time,” ...

The space occupation and the expansion of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) were described in the municipality of São Luis, Maranhão, Northeast Brazil. AVL medical notes from the Fundação Nacional de Saúde as well as official documents about the space occupation were analyzed from September 1982 to December 1996. AVL cases were more likely to occur in recently settled suburbs and tended to ...

Opportunistic infections, due to disease-related immunosuppression, constitute the major cause of death in American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). Sera from these patients (AVL sera) non-specifically inhibit the in vitro proliferative response of normal human lymphocytes to lectins or antigens. In the present work, the mediation of this inhibition by IgG, immune complexes and low- or very low-de...

Improving the quality of public transportation systems and encouraging passengers to use them are effective solutions for reducing problems in metropolitan. Prediction travel time providing information significant factors this process. In research not only components Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system were investigated but also an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model a regression prediction presen...

Performance metrics for public transport systems can be calculated from automatic vehicle location (AVL) data but data collection subsystems can introduce errors into the data which would invalidate these calculations, giving rise to misleading conclusions. In this paper we present a range of methods for visualising and validating AVL data before performance metrics are computed. We illustrate ...

Exercise-induced ST-segment elevation in leads V1 and/or aVL in the absence of anterior Q waves occurred in 46 of 190 patients (24%) who underwent 12-lead exercise electrocardiography with thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging and coronary arteriography. Significant left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) disease was present in 38 of 46 patients (83%) with V1/aVL ST evaluation and in...

BACKGROUND Pulmonary emphysema of any etiology has been shown to be strongly and quasidiagnostically associated with a vertical frontal P wave axis. A vertical P wave axis (>60 degrees) during sinus rhythm can be easily determined by a P wave in lead III greater than the P wave in lead I (bipolar lead set) or a dominantly negative P wave in aVL (unipolar lead set). The purpose of this investiga...