We prove that any AVL tree admits a linear-area straight-line strictly-upward planar grid drawing, that is, a drawing in which (a) each edge is mapped into a single straight-line segment, (b) each node is placed below its parent, (c) no two edges intersect, and (d) each node is mapped into a point with integer coordinates. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

An AVL tree [1] is the original type of balanced binary search tree. An insertion in an n-node AVL tree takes at most two rotations, but a deletion in an n-node AVL tree can take Θ(log n). A natural question is whether deletions can take many rotations not only in the worst case but in the amortized case as well. A sequence of n successive deletions in an n-node tree takes O(n) rotations [3], b...

AVL has been used extensively in public transit, law enforcement, and EMS applications (among others), and is garnering more and more interest with the highway maintenance community. Sponsored by the Kansas DOT, The University of Kansas conducted a study of the use of AVL for highway maintenance activities, especially snow removal. State DOTs and other transportation agencies were surveyed with...

Automated Vehicle Location (AVL) based Transport Monitoring System has created some interest to many researchers. Currently, the implementation of AVL based Transport Monitoring System rely on the Global Positioning System (GPS) data, which can produce real time location of a vehicle. Implementation of a complete Transport Monitoring System requires other components such as communication module...

AVL encompasses a variety of location and communication technologies. Archived AVL (or on-vehicle data recording) uses an onboard computer to record and store bus operation data and upload them to a data tank at a specific time (usually daily); real-time AVL (or offvehicle data recording) sends bus travel and operation data to a central computer in real time (usually at a frequency of 30 s to 5...

To determine whether transplanted metanephroi grow, differentiate, and function in hosts that differ in major histocompatibility complex loci (RT1 loci in rats) from donors in a defined way, we implanted metanephroi from embryonic day (E) 15 PVG (RT1(c)) rat embryos into the omentum of nonimmunosupressed uninephrectomized PVG-RT1(avl) (host) rats. By 4 wk posttransplantation, metanephroi had gr...

Leishmaniasis constitutes a complex of diseases with clinical and epidemiological diversity and includes visceral leishmaniasis, a disease that is fatal when left untreated. In earlier studies, the authors reported that Aloe vera leaf exudate (AVL) is a potent antileishmanial agent effective in promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania mexicana, Leishmania tropica, Leishmania major a...

An historical review is given of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), with particular reference to the eco-epidemiology of the disease in Brazil. Following the first records of AVL in this country, in 1934, the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva, 1912) was incriminated as the principal vector. It is now generally accepted, however, that there exist a number of cryptic species under...

BACKGROUND Definitive diagnosis of bilateral bundle-branch delay/block may be made when catheter-induced right bundle-branch block (RBBB) develops in patients with baseline left bundle-branch (LBB) block. We hypothesized that a RBBB pattern with absent S waves in leads I and aVL will identify bilateral bundle-branch delay/block. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty patients developing transient RBBB pat...

Acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation in lead aVL may represent involvement of the first diagonal or the first obtuse marginal branch. This study assesses the correlation among different electrocardiographic patterns of acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation in aVL and the site of the infarct-related artery occlusion. Patients who underwent coronary angiography within 14 days of ...