The development of safe and effective vaccines for avian influenza viruses is a priority for pandemic preparedness. Adjuvants improve the efficacy of vaccines and may allow antigen sparing during a pandemic. We have previously shown that influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) comprised of HA, NA, and M1 proteins represent a candidate vaccine for avian influenza H9N2 virus [Pushko P, Tumpey TM, F...

H9N2 avian influenza viruses are endemic in poultry in Asia and the Middle East. These viruses sporadically cause dead-end infections in pigs and humans raising concerns about their potential to adapt to mammals or reassort with human or swine influenza viruses. We performed ten serial passages with an avian H9N2 virus (A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/1997) in influenza naïve pigs to assess the potential ...

orthomixoviridae family viruses (influenza viruses) are major cause of death in human with respiratory diseases. although avian influenza in iranian chickens are associated with h9n2 subtype, there was not any study for h9n2 human infection as yet. this investigation conducted to serological study of h9n2 avian influenza infection in different human groups. the number of 334 blood sera includin...

BACKGROUND Avian influenza viruses represent a growing threat of an influenza pandemic. The co-circulation of multiple H9N2 genotypes over the past decade has been replaced by one predominant genotype-G57 genotype, which displays a changed antigenicity and improved adaptability in chickens. Effective H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus vaccines for poultry are urgently needed. OBJECTIVE In thi...

Ducks and in-contact backyard chickens on 20 smallholder backyard farms in 4 districts of Shiraz, Southwest of Iran, were monitored for antibodies against H9N2 avian influenza virus using hemagglutinationinhibition (HI) test. A total of 200 unvaccinated ducks and backyard chickens were sampled. The mean H I titers and seroprevalence in ducks and backyard chickens were 8.3, 5.7 and 78.4, 62.9%, ...

background and aims: avian influenza (ai) h9n2 subtype was first reported to infect turkeys in the united states in 1966 and has been panzootic in eurasia. in iran, the h9n2 virus was first isolated from broiler chickens in 1998 in ghazvin province and it is the most prevalent subtype of influenza virus in poultry industry in iran at the present time. materials and methods: in this study, we se...

Title of Document: MOLECULAR MARKERS OF INTERSPECIES TRANSMISSION OF H2N2 AND H9N2 INFLUENZA A VIRUSES Erin Maureen Sorrell, Ph.D., 2008 Directed By: Associate Professor, Daniel R. Perez, Department of Veterinary Medicine Most avian influenza viruses do not replicate or transmit efficiently in mammals. The events that lead to interspecies transmission and host adaptation are unknown. Part one o...

In 1997, an avian H5N1 influenza virus, A/Hong Kong/156/97 (A/HK/156/97), caused six deaths in Hong Kong, and in 1999, an avian H9N2 influenza virus infected two children in Hong Kong. These viruses and a third avian virus [A/Teal/HK/W312/97 (H6N1)] have six highly related genes encoding internal proteins. Additionally, A/Chicken/HK/G9/97 (H9N2) virus has PB1 and PB2 genes that are highly relat...

An experimental inactivated oil-emulsion H9N2 avian influenza vaccine was formulated with 3 parts ofinactivated avian influenza antigen A/Chicken/Iran/101/1998(H9N2) emulsified in 7 parts of oil adjuvant.Twelve week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were divided into seven groups of 10 birds. Sixgroups were vaccinated with 1, 1/10th, 1/50th, 1/100th, 1/200th and 1/400th field dose of th...

Avian influenza outbreaks in 1998 due to H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) that occurred in poultry industry in Iran caused serious economic losses. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis, clinical signs, gross and histopathological findings of the chickens experimentally inoculated with A/Chicken/Iran/772/99(H9N2) influenza virus, isolated from the commercial broil...