The Universe is homogeneous and isotropic on large scales, so those scales it usually modelled as a Friedmann-Lemaítre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) space-time. non-linearity of the Einstein field equations raises concern over averaging small-scale deviations form homogeneity isotropy, with possible implications applicability FLRW metric to Universe, even scales. Here I present technique, based multi...

A physically motivated approach is presented to compute a shape average of a given number of shapes. An elastic deformation is assigned to each shape. The shape average is then described as the common image under all elastic deformations of the given shapes, which minimizes the total elastic energy stored in these deformations. The underlying nonlinear elastic energy measures the local change o...

Abstract This paper investigates the use of dynamic model averaging (DMA) approach for identifying good inflation predictors and forecasting in Mongolia, one most commodity-dependent economies. The DMA allows both a set marginal effects to change over time. Our empirical work resulted several novel findings. First, external variables (i.e., China’s growth, inflation, oil price) play an importan...

In this paper, a novel approach for ranking fuzzy numbers based on the angle measure is introduced. Several left and right spreads at each chosen levels of fuzzy numbers is used to determine center of mass points(CMPs) and then, the angels between the CMPs and the horizontal axis is calculated. The total angle is determined by averaging the computed angles and finally, the novel method is compa...

We apply the idea of averaging ensembles of estimators to probability density estimation. In particular we use Gaussian mixture models which are important components in many neural network applications. One variant of averaging is Breiman's \bagging", which recently produced impressive results in classiication tasks. We investigate the performance of averaging using three data sets. For compari...

in this paper, a novel approach for ranking fuzzy numbers based on the angle measure is introduced. several left and right spreads at each chosen levels of fuzzy numbers is used to determine center of mass points(cmps) and then, the angels between the cmps and the horizontal axis is calculated. the total angle is determined by averaging the computed angles and finally, the novel method is compa...

data envelope analysis (dea) is an approach to estimate the relative efficiency of decision making units (dmus). several studies were conducted in order to prioritize efficient units and some useful models such as cross-efficiency matrix (cem) were presented.  besides, a number of dea models with interval data have been developed and ranking dmus with such data was solved. however, presenting a...