Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a leukemia derived from mature CD4(+) T cells and induced by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. Previous studies have revealed many possible molecular and cellular mechanisms of HTLV-1-induced leukemogenesis, but it still remains unknown how HTLV-1 transforms peripheral CD4 T cells in infected individuals. Given the fact that only 2-5% of infec...

The in vivo host range of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has not been definitively established. To determine if hematopoietic stem cells from patients with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) are infected with HTLV-1, we used a clonogenic progenitor assay followed by the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of HTLV-1 DNA. In vitro growth characteristics of myeloid (CFU-GM) ...

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is etiologically associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). Nevertheless, most individuals infected with HTLV-1 do not develop ATL. To attempt to identify genetic factors promoting the progression to ATL, we investigated in HTLV-1 carriers the relationship between susceptibility to ATL and several polymorphisms: the three "decreased-detoxify...

The human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), endemic in defined geographical areas around the world, is recognized as the etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), or HTLV-1. ATL is a rare adult onset T-cell malignancy that is characterized by the presence of ATL flower cells with T-cell markers, HTLV-1 antibodies in the serum, and monoclonal integration of HTLV-1 proviru...

Seventy-one sera from Japanese individuals infected with human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) were examined for the presence of antibodies to HTLV-III by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by a strip radioimmunoassay based on the Western blot technique. The sera were from 23 healthy carriers and from 48 patients, including 18 with smoldering adult T cell leukemia (ATL), 13 ...

human t-lymphotropic virus-1 (htlv-1) can cause adult t-cell leukemia/ lymphoma (atl/l), which is a rare and aggressive type of blood cancer. herein, we report a case of atl/l in a middle-aged man with unusual jaw presentations. the patient presented with mandibular, maxillary and palatal bony hard expansion, accompanied by generalized tooth mobility six months prior to admission to the departm...

T HE HUMAN T-cell lymphotropic viruses type I and type II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) are closely related human retroviruses and have similar biological properties, genetic organization, and tropism for T lymphocytes. They were the first 2 retroviruses to be identified in humans in 19801 and 1982, respectively? They belong to the Oncovirinae subfamily, are typically lymphoproliferative, and are able t...

BACKGROUND Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is a causative virus of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, and HTLV-I-associated uveitis. ATL is a neoplastic disease of CD4-positive T lymphocytes that is characterized by pleomorphic tumor cells with hypersegmented nuclei, termed "flower cells." The mechanisms of leukemogenesis have not...

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). The minus strand of HTLV-1 provirus encodes a bZIP protein donated as HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ). Among the HTLV-1 regulatory and accessory genes, the tax and HBZ genes were thought to play critical roles in oncogenesis. However, HBZ is the only gene that remains intact and is consistently expressed in all ATL cases, ...

Although Tax protein is the main target of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) on human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected cells, and Tax peptide 11 through 19 binding to HLA-A*02 has been shown to elicit a strong CTL response, there are patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) bearing HLA-A*02. To explore whether there is genetic variation in HTLV-I tax that can escape CTL recognitio...