Objectives The current causal-comparative study aimed at comparing resiliency and self-efficacy between athletes and non-athletes with disabilities caused by Spinal Cord Injury (SCI).  Methods Using simple random sampling method, 32 subjects were enrolled in each group. Data were collected using the Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale and the Sherer general self-efficacy questionnaire.  Results ...

Introduction & Objective: Anabolic steroids (AS) abuse is spreading increasingly among professionals and amateur athletes taking part in gym halls. Healths educators' awareness of why athletes and gym users take such substances may help them to develop appropriate intervention. In this regard, perceived behavioral control (PBC) is defined as “a person’s estimate of how easy or difficult it wi...

the construct of self-efficacy has received increasing attention in research over the past two decades. many studies have been carried out 1.3 significance of the study this study has pedagogical implications since improving students’ self- efficacy and autonomy is important for promoting actual performance on classroom academic tasks. in academic settings, it has been shown that self-effi...

abstract due to the growing importance and influence of the self of the teacher in the field of educational and cognitive psychology, the current study intended to investigate the relationship between three teacher qualities and characteristics, i.e. teacher self efficacy, self regulation, and success as perceived by their learners. the study aimed at finding whether teacher self efficacy an...

abstract birbery and corruption and other criminal and as such is one of social phenomena , and i can firmly say that society is protected and safe from harm , this is criminal . eache community is familiar with these crimes and the crime associated ( direct or indirect ) with the political economic , social , and cultural beliefs and religious issues , especially with the community . admitted...

this study was designed to investigate the impacts of teachers self-disclosure on students foreign language classroom anxiety, attitude to english language learning and their achievement scores at the end of the term. there were 48 female learners of intermediate level. they were not randomly selected. there were one experimental group with 21 students and one control group with 27 students.the...

abstract the aim of the present study is to explore the impact of the cognitive reading strategy instruction on learners reading self-efficacy and their reading achievement. in order to fulfill this purpose, from 120 participants, 90 intermediate efl learners as an experimental group were chosen from three different educational settings namely, yazd university, yazd science and art un...