The multisession maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS) test is the gold standard for anaerobic threshold (AnT) estimation. However, it is highly impractical, requires high fitness level, and suffers additional shortcomings. Existing single-session AnT-estimating tests are of compromised validity, reliability, and resolution. The presented reverse lactate threshold test (RLT) is a single-session, ...

The aim was to determine whether the midpoint between ventilatory thresholds (MPVT) corresponds to maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). Twelve amateur cyclists (21.0 ± 2.6 years old; 72.2 ± 9.0 kg; 179.8 ± 7.5 cm) performed an incremental test (25 W·min-1) until exhaustion and several constant load tests of 30 minutes to determine MLSS, on different occasions. Using MLSS determination as the re...

A link between lactate and muscular exercise was seen already more than 200 years ago. The blood lactate concentration (BLC) is sensitive to changes in exercise intensity and duration. Multiple BLC threshold concepts define different points on the BLC power curve during various tests with increasing power (INCP). The INCP test results are affected by the increase in power over time. The maximal...

Myxoid liposarcomas (MLSs) are genetically defined by the presence of DDIT3 gene fusions and most commonly arise in the extremities of young adults. Whether MLSs develop primarily in the retroperitoneum is controversial, and a recent retrospective study found no molecularly confirmed examples. Because MLSs tend to metastasize to deep soft tissues, purported examples of primary retroperitoneal l...

The use of a crossflow membrane bioreactor (CF–MBR) in treating wastewater discharged by a petroleum refinery was investigated. The performance of the CF–MBR process was evaluated at MLSS concentrations of 5000 and 3000 mg/l. The process performance was measured in terms of the hydraulic efficiency as well as the COD removal efficiency. A laboratory-scale experimental set-up comprised mainly of...

We introduce a class of quasi-linear models for stochastic dynamics, called moment-linear stochastic systems (MLSS). We formulate MLSS and analyze their dynamics, as well as discussing common stochastic models that can be represented as MLSS. Further studies, including development of optimal estimators and controllers, are summarized. We discuss the reformulation of a common stochastic hybrid s...

A liposarcoma is the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma, and most liposarcomas are malignant. The extremities are the most common site for liposarcomas. There are 5 histologic types of liposarcoma, as follows: well differentiated; myxoid; round cell; pleomorphic; and dedifferentiated. Myxoid liposarcomas (MLSs) represent a subgroup of liposarcomas. There has been no report of MLSs in the a...

The purpose of this study was to conduct a kinematical analysis during swimming at the intensity corresponding to maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). Thirteen long distance swimmers performed, in different days, an intermittent incremental protocol of n x 200 m until exhaustion and two to four 30-min submaximal constant speed bouts to determine the MLSS. The video analysis, using APAS System (...

During the last two decades the concept of the MLSS (maximal lactate steady state) has been established. The MLSS detects the highest level of the BLC (blood lactate concentration) and the corresponding workload (MLSS workload) that can be maintained over time without continual BLC accumulation. In spite of a lack of experimental and/or theoretical foundation, it has been speculated that the le...