Soil erosion forms a major threat to European soil resources. Although soil is a vital and largely non-renewable resource, it has not been the subject of comprehensive EU action so far. A thematic strategy for soil protection, which recognises soil erosion as one of the major threats, has currently been placed high on Europe’s political Agenda. Assessing and monitoring soil erosion is needed to...

The building sector is responsible for a high environmental impact, namely during construction, maintenance, demolition, and lifetime. It then urgent to develop tools guiding all stockholders make buildings more sustainable. In order the sustainability assessment of building, it necessary survey most appropriate parameters this analysis organize them hierarchically. first certification rating w...

background: pasteur institute of iran was established in 1919 with the aim to produce vaccines and prevent communicable diseases in iran. over time, their activities extended into areas of research, education and services. naturally, such a vast development begs establishment of a comprehensive management and monitoring system. with this outlook, the present study was carried out with the aim t...

Despite extensive growth in recent years, the field of "quality-of-life" appraisal still evokes debate about basic perception of the concept and is accompanied by a plethora of indexes for measurement. One prime reason for the problems is that the measurements have been transferred from two separate sources - medical health status indexes and social-science population indexes - neither of which...

Considerable attention has been devoted to environmental assessment and monitoring, primarily by physical and biological scientists, and more recently by social scientists. However, population growth and global change have resulted in an imperative to assess the resiliency of the environment to adapt to large scale changes and to continue to produce goods and services for future generations (su...

PURPOSE Primary care is the cornerstone of the health care system and increasingly countries are developing indicators for assessing quality in primary care practices. The 'Quality Tool', developed in Ontario, Canada, provides a framework for assessing practices and consists of indicators and criteria. The purpose of this study was to validate the indicators and simplify the Quality Tool. MET...

rapid urbanization has brought environmentally, socially, and economically great challenges to cities and societies. to build a sustainable city, these challenges need to be faced efficiently and successfully. this paper focuses on the environmental issues and investigates the ecological approaches for planning sustainable cities through a comprehensive review of the relevant literature. the re...