Ultracold atoms are still too hot. This may seem a ridiculous claim—after all, the low-temperature exploits of the purveyors of quantum gases are notorious. Laser cooling can flash-freeze atoms to temperatures in the microand nanokelvin range. In the mid 1990s, researchers followed this with evaporative cooling of atoms out of shallow traps and made the first gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates a...

Abstract It has been widely discussed whether the existence of other universes than known universe is a purely metaphysical consideration. This paper argues to contrary that meaningful hypothesis, which can be tested based on observable data. The applies perspective observer bias as an approach for assigning probabilities mutually excluding hypotheses vs. multiverse, i.e., only universe, or jus...

Is identity a fundamental concept? Of course, it all depends on what it takes for something to be fundamental. For the purposes of this paper, I will consider identity’s fundamentality as exhibiting four features, which, if satisfied, also provide four reasons to think that a fundamental concept is involved (see Bueno [2014]): (1) Identity is presupposed in every conceptual system; (2) it is re...