culture filtrates (cf) of two species of the nematophagous fungi, arthrobotrys oligospora and arthrobotrys conoidesat three concentrations (25%, 50% and 100%) of stock, were tested on the mortality of second stage juveniles (j2) and egg hatching rate of meloidogyne incognita and meloidogyne javanica. results showed that the percent juvenile mortality was directly proportional to concentration o...

The genetic variation of Duddingtonia flagrans, which has become a promising biocontrol agent of animal parasitic nematodes, was investigated in a worldwide collection of 22 isolates. We analysed the sequence variation in four nuclear genes, tubA (beta-tubulin), CMD1 (calmodulin), EF1alpha (translation elongation factor 1alpha), and PII (extracellular serine protease). 1428 aligned base pairs (...

Aquatic nematode-trapping hyphomycetes have rarely been studied. The current study examined 1000 waterlogged soil samples in order to systematically investigate resources of aquatic nematode-trapping hyphomycetes and to compare species diversity and community similarities in polluted and unpolluted aquatic environments. Many nematode-trapping hyphomycetes live in shallow freshwater (at a water ...

The nematophagous and entomogenous fungi are natural enemies of nematodes and insects and have been utilized by humans to control agricultural and forestry pests. Some of these fungi have been or are being developed as biological control agents in China and worldwide. Several important nematophagous and entomogenous fungi, including nematode-trapping fungi (Arthrobotrys oligospora and Drechsler...

Our previous studies on the fruit body lectin of Pleurotus cornucopiae revealed the existence of three isolectins, composed of two homodimers and one heterodimer of 16- and 15-kDa subunits. In this study, two genes encoding the lectins were cloned and characterized. Both genes encoded 144 amino acids and only 5 amino acids were different within the coding region, but the nucleotide sequences of...

Eleven fungal isolates were tested in agar dishes for pathogenicity to Pratylenchus penetrans. Of the fungi that produce adhesive conidia, Hirsutella rhossiliensis was a virulent pathogen; Verticillium balanoides, Drechmeria coniospora, and Nematoctonus sp. were weak or nonpathogens. The trapping fungi, Arthrobotrys dactyloides, A. oligospora, Monacrosporium dlipsosporum, and M. cionopagum, kil...

A novel method was described for promoting conidial production of nematophagous fungus, Pochonia chlamydosporia AS6.8, by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment and two-stage cultivation. The fungi were first grown on potato dextrose agar plates to encourage vegetative growth, after briefly treating with 90 mM concentrations of H2O2, and then were transferred to water agar (WA) plates for sporulati...