AIMS Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic cytotoxin-producing bacterium that can cause infectious diarrhoea, pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon. The major risk factors for developing C. difficile infection include recent or current antimicrobial use, diabetes, age over 65, proton pump inhibitor use, immunosuppression and previous infection with C. difficile. Most diabetic foot ulcers...

Abstract Aim Improving the standard of epistaxis management in Ayrshire & Arran. Method A survey was distributed to doctors assessing their familiarity with assessment and management. Working ENT department, a teaching programme then developed aimed at improving skill nasal packing, cautery first aid, based on local guidelines. After session, all participants filled post-education questionn...

Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a pathogenic of honey bees transmitted by the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor. Annual overwintering colony losses, accounting for ~25% all colonies, are associated with high levels Varroa-DWV infestation. Effective miticide treatments available to control Varroa. However, absence coordinated treatment means environmental transmission mites continues unchecked. ...