Antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide O antigen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mediate high-level immunity, but protective epitopes have proven to be poorly immunogenic, while nonprotective or minimally protective O-antigen epitopes often elicit the best immune responses. With the goal of developing a broadly protective P. aeruginosa vaccine, we used a gene replacement system based on the Flp recombi...

Staphylococcus aureus is a major causative pathogen of clinical and subclinical mastitis of dairy domestic ruminants. This agent produces a variety of extracellular toxins and virulence factors including Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) which is the major cause of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS). In this study 58 S. aureus isolates obtained from 9 dairy herds in East and West Azerbaijan provinc...

As glyphosate is a broad spectrum herbicide extensively used in agriculture worldwide, identification of new aroA genes with high level of glyphosate tolerance is essential for the development and breeding of transgenic glyphosate-tolerant crops. In this study, an aroA gene was cloned from a Janibacter sp. strain isolated from marine sediment (designated as aroAJ. sp). The purified aroAJ. sp en...

A key enzyme in the shikimate pathway, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) is the primary target of the broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate. Identification of new aroA genes coding for EPSPS with a high level of glyphosate tolerance is essential for the development of glyphosate-tolerant crops. In the present study, the glyphosate tolerance of five bacterial aroA genes was evalu...

Enzymes performing the initial reaction of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthases, exist as two distinct homology classes. The three classic Escherichia coli paralogs are AroA(I) proteins, but many members of the Bacteria possess the AroA(II) class of enzyme, sometimes in combination with AroA(I) proteins. AroA(II) DAHP synthases un...

conclusions methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus is an increasingly common cause of nosocomial infections. our results are in agreement with those of other studies reporting that a few specialized clones are responsible for most cases of mrsa nasal carriage. in this study, mrsa strains isolated from different wards of hospital were closely related when analyzed by coagulase gene typing. ...

Nonfused (i.e., nonhybrid) filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) of Bordetella pertussis was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli K-12 and Salmonella typhimurium aroA at levels higher than those found in wild-type B. pertussis when the upstream signals of the gene were replaced and the translation initiation region was engineered to optimize translational efficiency. Inclusion of part of the C-t...

During the last few years, the use of type III secretion system-based bacterial vectors for immunotherapy purposes has been assessed in various applications. We showed that a type III secretion-based Pseudomonas aeruginosa vector delivering the ovalbumin (OVA) antigen induced an efficient specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte immune response against OVA-expressing cells. Because of the intrinsic toxicity ...

staphylococcus aureus is a major causative pathogen of clinical and subclinical mastitis of dairy domestic ruminants. this agent produces a variety of extracellular toxins and virulence factors including toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1) which is the major cause of toxic shock syndrome (tss). in this study 58 s. aureus isolates obtained from 9 dairy herds in east and west azerbaijan prov...

Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) is a fatal systemic disease of cattle and buffaloes. In South Asia HS is caused by infection with Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2. Some control is achieved with alum-precipitated or oil-adjuvanted killed whole-cell vaccines injected subcutaneously, but these vaccines provide only short-term immunity and require annual administration for effective use. Live attenua...