Late Miocene to mid-Pleistocene sedimentary proxy records reveal that northwest Australia underwent an abrupt transition from dry to humid climate conditions at 5.5 million years (Ma), likely receiving year-round rainfall, but after ~3.3 Ma, climate shifted toward an increasingly seasonal precipitation regime. The progressive constriction of the Indonesian Throughflow likely decreased continent...

Studies of rainfall variation generally focus on large areas. For example, in India, the area average monsoon rainfall series of the whole country or meteorological subdivisions are used. This would be of no use for local agriculture, particularly in places where rainfall is very high or very low, especially for crops like small cardamom and vanilla which are very sensitive to soil moisture and...

abstract soil temperature is one of the key parameters affecting most hydrologic and agricultural processes. therefore, its measurement and prediction is very crucial. so far, the statistical regression methods have been used for estimation of soil temperature for specific location encountering with lack or shortage of data. in this work, soil temperature data are estimated at six different dep...

Climate changes are predicted to increase extreme rainfall events in semiarid and arid region in Northern Hemisphere. Nutrient cycles will be affected by the precipitation changes but so far only very little is known how soil N transformations may respond. Here we investigated gross soil N transformation rates and their response to simulated rainfall events across Northeast China Transect (NECT...

the impacts of land cover change on the hydrologic cycle from local to regional scales are not fully understood with regard to humid tropical river basins of kerala, india. this study provides an approach to identify the effects of land cover changes on streamflow of a river basin in the humid tropical zone of kerala, india using the soil and water assessment tool (swat). the swat model was cal...

Across the tropics, recent agricultural shifts have led to a rapid expansion of tree plantations, often into intact forests and grasslands. However, this is poorly characterized. Here, we report tropical plantation between 2000 2012, based on classifying nearly 7 million unique patches observed cover gain using optical radar satellite imagery. The resulting map was subsample all but coupled it ...

This study was conducted using one hundred and eighty (180) day-old broiler chicks, of Anak strain to assess the levels of inclusion of indomie waste meal as a substitute for maize at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. The birds were randomly assigned to dietary treatments using completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment contained 3 replicates and each replicate had 6 birds. The study lasted for e...

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) products have been widely used, but their error and uncertainty characteristics over diverse climate regimes still need to be quantified. In this study, we focused on a systematic evaluation of TMPA’s error characteristics over mainland China, with an improved error-component analysis procedure. We perf...

A recently completed research program (TREES) employing the global imaging capabilities of Earth-observing satellites provides updated information on the status of the world's humid tropical forest cover. Between 1990 and 1997, 5.8 +/- 1.4 million hectares of humid tropical forest were lost each year, with a further 2.3 +/- 0.7 million hectares of forest visibly degraded. These figures indicate...

Estimated Effective Precipitation (Pe) in dryland areas is an essential element of water resource management. Itrepresents the amount of precipitation available in the crop root zone to meet the needs of evapotranspiration. Thecurrent study compared different approaches for estimating Pe in different climatic zones of Iran. A two-layer soil–water balance (SWB) model was adopted based on the pro...