BACKGROUND Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are a leading cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. Malawi has high childhood mortality but limited data on the prevalence of disease in the community. METHODS A cross-sectional study of children aged 0-59 months. Health passports were examined for ARI diagnoses in the preceding 12 months. Children were physically examined for malnutrition o...

OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the regulation of resveratrol (RV) on miR-34a alteration due to ARI and further studied the involvement of miR-34a/Sirt1 signaling pathway in ROS generation and cell survival after ARI. MATERIALS AND METHODS In-vitro anoxia and reoxygenation injury (ARI) model based on rat heart-derived H9c2 cells was established. The expression of miR-34a and Sirt1 in...

An easy and safe, though only moderately effective method is presented for preparing (diacetoxyiodo)arenes, ArI(OAc)2, from iodoarenes, ArI, using the commercially available and easily handled urea-hydrogen peroxide adduct (UHP) as the oxidant. The reactions take place in anhydrous AcOH/Ac2O/AcONa (a catalyst)mixtures, at 40 oC for 3.5 h to afford the purified ArI(OAc)2 in 37-78% yields. The fu...

BACKGROUND The Respiratory Infections in Andean Peruvian Children (RESPIRA-PERU) study enrolled children who participated in a community-cluster randomized trial of improved stoves, solar water disinfection, and kitchen sinks (IHIP trial) and children from additional Andean households. We quantified the burden of influenza-associated acute respiratory illness (ARI) in this household-based cohor...

BACKGROUND Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are major causes of morbidity and mortality in many low-income countries. Although factors associated with ARI symptoms in children under 5 years of age have been identified; however, variation in their prevalence resulting from regional-specific proximate determinants has received little attention. Therefore, we aim to investigate the specific regi...

OBJECTIVE Cerebrovascular complications that are associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (preeclampsia, chronic hypertension [CHTN], and gestational hypertension [GHTN]) are believed to be associated with impaired cerebral autoregulation, which is a physiologic process that maintains blood flow at an appropriate level despite changes in blood pressure. The nature of autoregulation d...

Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has been proposed as a cardioprotective intervention. However, regional ventricular electrophysiological effects of VNS are not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of right and left VNS on electrophysiological properties of the ventricles and hemodynamic parameters. In Yorkshire pigs, a 56-electrode sock was used for epicardial (n ...

Overprescribing of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) is common. Our objective was to develop and validate a vignette-based method to estimate clinician ARI antibiotic prescribing. We surveyed physicians (n = 78) and retail clinic clinicians (n = 109) between January and September 2013. We surveyed clinicians using a set of ARI vignettes and linked the responses to electronic h...

Combustion of biomass fuels (wood and charcoal) for cooking releases smoke that contains health damaging pollutants. Women and children are the most affected. Exposure to biomass smoke is associated with acute respiratory infections (ARI). This study investigated the prevalence of ARI potentially caused by smoke from wood and charcoal stoves in Western Sierra Leone, as these two fuels are the p...