Let A be a Banach algebra with the second dual A∗∗. If A has a bounded approximate identity (= BAI), then A∗∗ is unital if and only if A∗∗ has a weak∗ bounded approximate identity(= W ∗BAI). If A is Arens regular and A has a BAI, then A∗ factors on both sides. In this paper we introduce new concepts LW ∗W and RW ∗W property and we show that under certain conditions if A has LW ∗W and RW ∗W prop...

In this paper, we study approximate identity properties, some propositions from Baker, Dales, Lau in general situations and establish relationships between the topological centers of module actions factorization properties with results group algebras. We consider under which sufficient necessary conditions Banach algebra $A\widehat{\otimes}B$ is Arens regular.

We study when certain properties of Banach algebras are stable under ultrapower constructions. In particular, we consider when every ultrapower of A is Arens regular, and give some evidence that this is so if and only if A is isomorphic to a closed subalgebra of operators on a super-reflexive Banach space. We show that such ideas are closely related to whether one can sensibly define an ultrapo...

A Banach algebra is Arens-regular when all its continuous functionals are weakly almost periodic, in symbols A⁎=WAP(A). To identify the opposite behaviour, Granirer called a extremely non-Arens regular (enAr, for short) quotient A⁎/WAP(A) contains closed subspace that has A⁎ as quotient. In this paper we propose simplification and quantification of concept. We say r-enAr, with r≥1, there an iso...

In this paper we defined the concept of module amenability of Banach algebras and module connes amenability of module dual Banach algebras.Also we assert the concept of module Arens regularity that is different with [1] and investigate the relation between module amenability of Banach algebras and connes module amenability of module second dual Banach algebras.In the following we studythe...

we study topological von neumann regularity and principal von neumann regularity of banach algebras. our main objective is comparing these two types of banach algebras and some other known banach algebras with one another. in particular, we show that the class of topologically von neumann regular banach algebras contains all $c^*$-algebras, group algebras of compact abelian groups and cer...

In this paper we first introduce a new multiplication on triangular Banach algebras. Then we study their Arens regularity as well as their topological centers . In this paper we first introduce a new multiplication on triangular Banach algebras. Then we study their Arens regularity as well as their topological centers . In this paper we first introduce a new multiplication on triangular Banach ...

Let S be a (discrete) semigroup, and let ` (S) be the Banach algebra which is the semigroup algebra of S. We shall study the structure of this Banach algebra and of its second dual. We shall determine exactly when ` (S) is amenable as a Banach algebra, and shall discuss its amenability constant, showing that there are ‘forbidden values’ for this constant. The second dual of ` (S) is the Banach ...

‎Let $mathcal{A}$ be a commutative Banach algebra and $mathscr{X}$ be a left Banach $mathcal{A}$-module‎. ‎We study the set‎ ‎${rm Dec}_{mathcal{A}}(mathscr{X})$ of all elements in $mathcal{A}$ which induce a decomposable multiplication operator on $mathscr{X}$‎. ‎In the case $mathscr{X}=mathcal{A}$‎, ‎${rm Dec}_{mathcal{A}}(mathcal{A})$ is the well-known Apostol algebra of $mathcal{A}$‎. ‎We s...