We define a Banach algebra A to be dual if A = (A∗) ∗ for a closed submodule A∗ of A∗. The class of dual Banach algebras includes all W ∗-algebras, but also all algebras M(G) for locally compact groups G, all algebras L(E) for reflexive Banach spaces E, as well as all biduals of Arens regular Banach algebras. The general impression is that amenable, dual Banach algebras are rather the exception...

Let $fM(X)$ be the  space of  all finite regular Borel measures on $X$. A general measure algebra is a subspace  of$fM(X)$,which is an $L$-space and has a multiplication preserving the probability measures. Let $cLsubseteqfM(X)$ be a general measure algebra on a locallycompact space $X$. In this paper, we investigate the relation between Arensregularity of $cL$ and the topology of $X$. We  find...

In this paper we first introduce a new multiplication on triangular Banach algebras. Then we study their Arens regularity as well as their topological centers . In this paper we first introduce a new multiplication on triangular Banach algebras. Then we study their Arens regularity as well as their topological centers . In this paper we first introduce a new multiplication on triangular Banach ...

For a compact space X we consider extending endomorphisms of the algebra C(X) to be endomorphisms of Arens-Hoffman and Cole extensions of C(X). Given a non-linear, monic polynomial p ∈ C(X)[t], with C(X)[t]/pC(X)[t] semi-simple, we show that if an endomorphism of C(X) extends to the Arens-Hoffman extension with respect to p then it also extends to the simple Cole extension with respect to p. We...

Let A be a Banach algebra. Then A the second dual of A is a Banach algebra with first (second) Arens product. We study the Arens products of A(= (A∗∗)∗∗). We fined some conditions on A to be a left ideal in A. We fined the biggest two sided ideal I of A, in which I is a left (right) ideal of A∗∗.

let $fm(x)$ be the  space of  all finite regular borel measures on $x$. a general measure algebra is a subspace  of$fm(x)$,which is an $l$-space and has a multiplication preserving the probability measures. let $clsubseteqfm(x)$ be a general measure algebra on a locallycompact space $x$. in this paper, we investigate the relation between arensregularity of $cl$ and the topology of $x$. we  find...

For a compact space X we consider extending endomorphisms of the algebra C(X) to be endomorphisms of Arens-Hoffman and Cole extensions of C(X). Given a non-linear, monic polynomial p ∈ C(X)[t], with C(X)[t]/pC(X)[t] semi-simple, we show that if an endomorphism of C(X) extends to the Arens-Hoffman extension with respect to p, then it also extends to the simple Cole extension with respect to p. W...

Motivated by an Arens regularity problem, we introduce the concepts of matrix Banach space and matrix Banach algebra. The notion of matrix normed space in the sense of Ruan is a special case of our matrix normed system. A matrix Banach algebra is a matrix Banach space with a completely contractive multiplication. We study the structure of matrix Banach spaces and matrix Banach algebras. Then we...

In this paper, we study several problems in Banach algebras concerned with the Arens products.