The importance of initial conditions to considerations of solar system and stellar formation processes is discussed. Astronomical knowledge relating to regions of current stellar formation in our Galaxy is reviewed. The potential of radio observations of astrophysical H20 masers as a means of probing the regions of current stellar formation at high resolution is discussed. Radio observations of...

Using crude extracts from the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis glutamine synthetase (GS) activity was rapidly irreversibly reduced to about 60% during dark incubation („sponta­ neous GS inactivation“). An additional decrease was observed by the addition of ammonia in the light („ammonia-mediated inactivation“). Both effects were prevented by EDTA, MnCl2 or catalase indicative of the involveme...

Functional inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) can cause the death of EBV infected cells. In this study, a bioinformatics tool predicted the existence of putative extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) docking and substrate consensus sites on EBNA1, suggesting that ERK2 could bind to and phosphorylate EBNA1. In accordance, ERK2 was found to phosphorylat...

The thermodynamics of fluoride ion solvation in nonaqueous and mixed aqueous solvents are reviewed. Gibbs energies of transfer , at^ O (F ) H20+ , indicate that the solvation of the fluoride ion is dominated by hydrogen bonding. Thus, at^ o ( ~ ) H 2 0 S is unfavourable for virtually all solvents, especially dipolar aprotics, and correlates well with solvent acceptor strength. The corresponding...

Solid polymorphism in five compounds of the type [Me(H20)6](BF4)2 , where Me = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Zn, have been studied in the temperature range 120 330 K by DSC. For each substance at least three solid modifications have been found. In addition, for compounds with Me = Mn, Fe and Zn some new low temperature phase transitions have been observed. The transition temperatures for the [Me(H20)6](BF...

The energetics, geometrical and electronic structure, ionization processes, dynamics, and dissociation pathways of neutral and singly and doubly ionized water dimers are investigated with simulations employing the BomOppenheimer local-spin-density functional molecular dynamies (BO-LSD-MD) method. Vertical and adiabatic ionization potentials and dissociation energies and barriers are calculated ...

The large differences between gas phase and solution phase basicities highlight the dramatic effects of solvation on ion chemistry. Strong aqueous acids such as HN03 can possess a proton affinity in the gas phase that is higher than that of H20. By clustering water molecules sequentially to a protonated nitric acid, the structure and properties of the ion will evolve towards the solvated form. ...

The 41 0-kilometer seismic discontinuity is generally considered to be caused by a phase transformation of the main constituent of the upper mantle, olivine, ot-(Mg,Fe)2SiO4, to P-(Mg,Fe)2SiO4. Recent data show that H20 dissolves in olivine and other nominally anhydrous mantle minerals and that the partitioning of H20 between olivine and P-(Mg,Fe)2Si04 is about 1:10. Such behavior strongly affe...