Abstract: Achieving to technical criteria that by applying them in architectural design stage of large commercial buildings, considered as one of the most important uses in urban planning, can increase the level of citizens’ security against all kinds of natural hazards and threats, and reduce vulnerability and it can provide continuation of the services and activities of these buildings. The p...

Abstract Over the last few decades, different mathematical methods have been used to design and analyze architectural spaces. Meanwhile, the graph theory provides an abstract model to study the spatial configuration, so that a simple and flexible mathematical framework is obtained to analyze the spatial topological features and their relationship with social and functional concepts in architec...

Changing a space to a place is the existential purpose of architecture. Literature review regards the complex architectural organization as a significant factor for the maximum use of the individualschr('39') performances and activities. Due to exterior spaceschr('39') necessity beside the interior ones, the architect creates a third space; and due to this in-between space, the complexchr('39')...

According to what the theorists of intertextuality have focused on, no original text has been existed. The mentioned works like other works have been reflections of the earlier texts. It seems that the application of intertextuality in the field of architecture criticism and applying its potentials in architecture, actually the study of a work in connection with previous ones, can be resulted t...