Approximate entropy (ApEn) adapted to quantify the pattern complexity across the electro-glottogram (EGG) spectral domain characterizes normal male vowel phonation in two groups, a majority group (G1) with high ApEn and a minority group (G2) with low ApEn. Using the ApEn measure of normality a sample of post-treatment male oncology patients with adult onset growth hormone deficiency (GHD) shows...

Much of the discussion in this paper is concerned with clarifying the concepts of order, disorder, and complexity, and the formulation of their corresponding measures for a complex system. We begin with a review of the concept of entropy because this was the first measure of order in physical systems and understanding the evolution of this concept will also make clearer the evolution of our und...

Background: Many investigations based on nonlinear methods have been carried out for the research of seizure detection. However, some of these nonlinear measures cannot achieve satisfying performance without considering the basic rhythms of epileptic EEGs. New method: To overcome the defects, this paper proposed a framework on wavelet-based nonlinear features and extreme learning machine (ELM) ...

Some studies have placed Sample entropy on the same data length constraint of 10 (m) -20 (m) (m: pattern length) as approximate entropy, even though Sample entropy is largely independent of data length and displays relative consistency over a broader range of possible parameters (r, tolerance value; m, pattern length; N, data length) under circumstances where approximate entropy does not. This ...

This paper provides a comparative analysis of stock market dynamics of the 1987 and 2008 financial crises and discusses the extent to which risk management measures based on entropy can be successful in predicting aggregate market expectations. We find that the Tsallis entropy is more appropriate for the short and sudden market crash of 1987, while the approximate entropy is the dominant predic...

This study investigated changes in the complexity (magnitude and structure of variability) of the collective behaviours of association football teams during competitive performance. Raw positional data from an entire competitive match between two professional teams were obtained with the ProZone tracking system. Five compound positional variables were used to investigate the collective patterns...

congestive heart failure (chf) remains to be one of the major cardiovascular disorders in the world. due to the prevalence of chf related issues, it is prudent to seek out new prognostic predictors that would facilitate the prevention, monitoring, and treatment of the disease on a daily basis. a detection approach using entropy measures extracted from surface electrocardiograms (ecgs) and class...

This study investigated the complexity of the electromyography (EMG) of lower limb muscles when performing obstacle crossing tasks at different heights in poststroke subjects versus healthy controls. Five poststroke subjects and eight healthy controls were recruited to perform different obstacle crossing tasks at various heights (randomly set at 10, 20, and 30% of the leg's length). EMG signals...

We design, implement and test a simple algorithm which computes the approximate entropy of a finite binary string of arbitrary length. The algorithm uses a weighted average of the Shannon Entropies of the string and all but the last binary derivative of the string. We successfully test the algorithm in the fields of Prime Number Theory (where we prove explicitly that the sequence of prime numbe...