traumatic brain injury resulting road accidents create damage to the brain. the severe brain injury may cause extensive tissue loss of several parenchyma which results in cavities due to primary destruction and secondary injuries such as ischemia and inflammation. recent findings suggest that neuronal precursors in the adult mammalian brain can be a therapeutic target in ischemic brain injuries...

objective(s):pharmacological studies showed that the extracts of jin yin hua and its active constituents have lipid lowering, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, cytoprotective, antimicrobial, antibiotic, antioxidative, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of caffeoylquinic acids (cqas) from jin yin hua against hydrogen ...

objective(s):one cause of cigarette smoking is oxidative stress that may alter the cellular antioxidant defense system, induce apoptosis in lung tissue, inflammation and damage in liver, lung, and kidney. it has been shown that chinese green tea (cgt) (lung chen tea) has higher antioxidant property than black tea. in this paper, we will explore the preventive effect of cgt on cigarette smoke-in...

objective(s): the role of aluminum (al) in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases has been implicated in several studies. however, the exact mechanisms of cytotoxic effects of al have not been elucidated yet. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of l-type calcium channel antagonist, nimodipine (nm), and lithium chloride (licl) on al-induced toxicity in pc12 cells. materia...

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can induce autophagy via the unfolded protein response (UPR), and regulate activation of inflammasomes. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) is a transducer UPR in cells with ER stress. Here, we investigated role IRE1α its impact on rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synovial (RA-FLSs). RA-FLSs were isolated from (RA) patients stimulated thapsigargin (TG) to ...

Background: Aluminum (Al) exposure is among the environmental risk factors that may involve in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress has a critical role in the Al-induced toxicity. Saffron is a plant with potent radical scavenging and anti-oxidative properties. This investigation was designed to evaluate the possible protective effects of saffron extract (SE) on alumi...

In this study, the antioxidative effect of melatonin was investigated in aging retinal pigment epithelial cells vitro. The objective study is to explore administration pharmacological doses for prevention symptoms.Specific concentrations (20 µM, 40 µM and 80 µM) were used treat hydrogen peroxide-induced flow cytometry employed examine cell apoptosis. A specific probe utilized detect intracellul...

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of linagliptin in an vitro 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) Parkinson’s disease model. Methods: 6-OHDA (200 µM) were administered SH-SY5Y cells for 24 h induce model vitro. Cells treated with (1, 10, 50 and 100 nM) 30 minutes before administration. Cell viability was examined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromi...

cells are active components in their environment and constantly adjusting their performance to improve extracellular milieu changing. this approach is reflected their tends of maintaining intracellular homeostasis. when the cells encounter stress or pathologic stimuli, they can undergo a new manner (adaptation) and new steady state for achieving viability and function. if the external stress is...

parkinson's disease (pd) is a chronic neurodegenerative condition which has the second largest incidence rate among all other neurodegenerative disorders barring alzheimer's disease (ad). currently there is no cure and researchers continue to probe the therapeutic prospect in cell cultures and animal models of pd. out of several factors contributing to pd prognosis, the role of p38 mapks (mitog...