The purpose of this study was to examine the apical foramen of root apices extracted during apicotomies. A total of 25 teeth extracted from 25 patients admitted to the Department of Conservative Dentistry at Tokyo Dental College's Chiba Hospital were used for the study. All patients were between 22 to 56 years of age at the time of the study, and each of the 25 cases was determined clinically o...

Aim: This in vitro study was performed to evaluate the apical transportation between Hyflex files, Twisted files and Protaper next single file rotary system by motic imaging. Materials & Methods: Sixty Endo Training Blocks were used in the study. Pre instrumentation photos of the simulated apical foramen are recorded using an optical microscope and then coupled into the motic imaging software a...

The Root ZX has been introduced recently as a device capable of performing accurately in the presence of sodium hypochlorite, blood, water, local anesthetic, and pulpal tissues. The Root ZX was used to locate the apical foramen in 26 root canals of vital teeth. After extraction of the teeth, a stereomicroscope was used to confirm visually the relationship of the tip of the endodontic file to th...

AIM To determine the accuracy of locating the apical constriction using apex locators. METHODOLOGY Extracted teeth were micro-CT scanned preoperatively to localize the apical constriction. Electronic length measurements of 91 root canals were made using nine electronic apex locators (EAL) connected to a mounting model. Distances from the major foramen were recorded at each scale bar of the EA...

background: the aim of this study was to evaluate apical transportation and centering ability of single-fi le instruments, waveone primary, with full rotation versus reciprocation movement using cone-beam computed tomography (cbct) analysis in curved mesiobuccal (mb) root canal of human mandibular molars. materials and methods: thirty mb canals of mandibular molars were randomly divided into tw...

A panoramic radiographic study was carried out on 404 dentate Saudi Arabians, to locate positions of the mental foramen. Results show that 83.7% of the mental foramen locations occurred in the interdental space between the mandibular premolars and apical to the mandibular second premolar. 9.35% occurred posterior to the mandibular second premolar, and 6.95% occurred apical/anterior to the mandi...

Objective: To verify in vitro whether an electronic apical location using a non-foramen by-pass technique influences the accuracy of the procedure. Methods: Fifteen incisors and canines human teeth with complete apical formation were used. Teeth were fixed to a resin-based model and embeded into alginate to serve as a conduction medium for the eletronical readings. Using a K-flexofile #20 coupl...

Aim: This article analyzed the location of the apical foramen and its relationship with foraminal file size in maxillary central incisors. Methods: Eighty four human maxillary central incisors were used in this study. K-files of progressively increasing diameters were inserted into the root canal until it got snugly fit and the tip was visible at the apical foramen. The files were removed and t...

The aim of this paper was to evaluate a possible correlation between obturation limits and leakage. Thirty-six extracted human mandibular incisors were used, characterized by straight and single canals, non-anatomical complexities, absence of previous endodontic treatment, complete root formation and patent foramen. For standardization of the specimens for the leakage analysis, foraminal instru...