Reciprocal Altruism or reciprocity occurs when an individual performs a costly act for the benefit of another individual in anticipation of receiving beneficence via a costly act in return (Trivers 1971, Connor 1986, Rothstein and Pierotti 1988). Thus the key defining feature of reciprocity is that in any given exchange an individual would do better by, in the absence of punishment, not recipro...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the anticipation time and kinematic factors in the movement of goalkeepers' center of mass when making a long-distance throw in handball. The sample group was composed of 14 goalkeepers and field players. A force platform was used to measure the force of the goalkeepers' reaction movements, while the throwers' movements were recorded with high-speed c...

We examined mothers' ratings of children's affective and behavioral aspects of approach tendencies and links with overt aggressive behavior problems while considering the genetic etiology of these processes. Approach/positive anticipation (AP), frustration/anger (FA), and overt aggression in 4-9-year-olds were assessed using mothers' reports in a diverse national sample (n=992) and a sample of ...

Historically, the conscious and anticipatory processes involved in voluntary action have been associated with the loftiest heights of nervous function. Concepts like mental time travel, "theory of mind," and the formation of "the self" have been at the center of many attempts to determine the purpose of consciousness. Eventually, more reductionistic accounts of consciousness emerged, proposing ...

The anticipation of action effects is a basic process that can be observed even for key-pressing responses in a stimulus-response paradigm. In Ziessler et al.'s (2012) experiments participants first learned arbitrary effects of key-pressing responses. In the test phase an imperative stimulus determined the response, but participants withheld the response until a Go-stimulus appeared. Reaction t...

Persistent computing systems are an infrastructure of computing anticipatory systems. The reactability of a persistent computing system, which is how many reactions of the system are active at a certain time, is the most important property to characterize the system. On the other hand, to be anticipatory, the reactability of a computing anticipatory system must be continuous. This paper propose...

Purpose: Scapular dyskinesia is a change in position or movement of scapula, which is highly prevalent in athletes with overhead activities. In addition to biomechanical changes in shoulder complex, neurocognitive impairments can have a significant role in its creation. Thus, this study aimed to compare neurocognitive scores between athletes with and without scapular dyskinesia. Methods: I...

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perceptual-motor skills play a vital role in many tasks of daily life and sports skills. the measurement of coincidence anticipation timing ability is a method to evaluate perceptual and perceptual-motor skills. thus, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the role of different organism, task and environment constraints in coincidence anticipation timing accuracy. for this purpose...