background spirulina is one of the most profitable known microalgae in the world, which is used as food and superfood. in the other hand, spirulina is a useful source of healthy components. it seems that the spirulina is transformable so that the introduction of a selectable marker is needed. objectives the purpose of this study was to determine a suitable selection marker for spirulina platens...

background urinary tract infection (uti) is a common problem in infants and children, as well as adults. objectives the aim of this study was to assess the most common bacterial uropathogens, their susceptibility, and resistance to antibiotics in children with uti. materials and methods this study included 7,365 urine samples sent from various departments to the kars state hospital microbiology...

Escherichia coli is a bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. harmful gram bacterium living in digestive tract. These also live water and soil, commonly referred as coliform. This research aims analyze plasmid profile of its resistance some antibiotics. To explore profiles recent electrophoresis gel, antibiotic used tests Amoxicillin, Tetracycline antibiotic, Ciprofloxacin, Sulfame...

conclusions ctx-m was the most prevalent esbl genotype in uropathogenic e. coli (upec) isolated from uti. in addition, a high frequency of qnr genes among esbl-producing e. coli was identified in this study. in order to avoid treatment failures, we recommend using phenotypic and molecular methods to diagnose these enzymes and qnr genes. results the highest sensitivity was seen to imipenem (96.7...

the aim of this study was to determine the incidence and causes of fever as a major problem contributing to transplantation related mortality among patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) and evaluation of antibiotic use, according to reliable guidelines.we retrospectively reviewed hospital records of 195 adult patients who underwent hsct between 2009-2011 at hematolo...

infectious diseases are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality and the spread of resistant microorganisms is playing a significant role in this regard. the purpose of this study was to assess the trend in antimicrobial resistance of gram-positive bacteria at the main referral teaching hospital in tehran during a 4-year period. all patients' biological isolates such as blood, u...

background: acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic and gram-negative coccobacillus. this opportunistic pathogen infectivity, especially in the intensive care units of hospitals is extensive worldwide. due to the incremental pattern of antibiotic resistance, this study was carried out to track the class i, ii and iii integrons in acinetobacter baumannii isolated from hospitalized cases in m...

objective(s):helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) is a pathogenic bacterium that colonizes the stomachs of approximately 50% of the world’s population. resistance of h. pylori to antibiotics is considered as the main reason for the failure to eradicate this bacterium. the aim of this study was to determine the rate of resistant h. pylori strains to various antimicrobial agents in different areas of ...

introduction: the inappropriate use of broad- spectrum antimicrobials in intensive care units (icu) is a universal problem. the main goal of this study was to implement antibiotic stewardship program (abs) concentrated on vancomycin and carbapenems, in pediatric icu (picu) of sheikh hospital. as an accessory purpose we looked for the effect of abs on the rate of antibiotic administration, lengt...