In this study, the variability of rib head position in a Chinese population in terms of the spinal canal and vertebral body was analyzed using computed tomography (CT). Images from transverse CT scan of the T4 to T12 vertebral bodies of 30 normal individuals were 3-dimensionally reconstructed, and analyzed for measurement of parameters that define the relative anatomic position of the rib head....

Axillary nerve injury is a risk of the deltopectoral approach to the proximal humerus. The anterior motor branch is potentially vulnerable during subdeltoid dissection. Insertion of the pectoralis major tendon is an easily identifiable landmark on the humerus. This anatomical study explored whether the superior aspect of the pectoralis major tendon is a useful landmark for localizing the anteri...

Electron microscopy was performed on the irides of a man with a history of a long standing Horner's syndrome which resulted in iris heterochromia. Comparison of his normal brown iris with the depigmented blue iris showed depletion of anterior border cells and absence of sympathetic nerve fibres. Stromal melanocyte numbers were also diminished but melanosome numbers within the residual cells wer...

The gross and microscopic anatomy of the molar salivary gland of the domestic cat was studied. In this research, five pair of molar glandsfrom five male adult cats were used. In cat, the molar gland was elongated rectangle shape and was located obliquely in the submucosal fossa of the inferior lip, near the oral commissure. The dorsal border of the molar gland was attached to the masseter muscl...

The importance of the present article lies in the fact that it deals with an infrequent complication in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, because most of the fractures that occur on the odontoid process are non-traumatic in origin. Dislocations of the atlantoaxial joint have an incidence that goes from 19% to 70%, according to the studies consulted. Normally, the space between the odontoid pr...

Invasive cell migration in both normal development and metastatic cancer is regulated by various signaling pathways, transcription factors and cell-adhesion molecules. The coordination between these activities in the context of cell migration is poorly understood. During Drosophila oogenesis, a small group of cells called border cells exit the follicular epithelium to perform a stereotypic, inv...

Marginal mandibular nerve is a motor branch of facial nerve which supplies the muscles of the peri oral region. Surgical and cosmetic procedures might cause injury to this nerve resulting in functional loss and cosmetic imperfection. This study on the anatomical relation of marginal mandibular nerve, with respect to the lower border of mandible and facial artery, will benefit maxillofacial and ...

The standard anatomy textbooks of today agree that the brachial plexus in man is derived from the anterior rami of the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth cervical and first thoracic nerves (Fig. 1). The anterior rami of the fifth and sixth cervical nerves are described as uniting at the outer border of the scalenus medius to form the cephalic trunk, the anterior rami of the eighth cervical and f...

Introduction The thyroid gland, is placed anteriorly in the lower neck, level with the fifth cervical to the first thoracic vertebrae. Ensheathed by the pretracheal fascia, the gland consists of two lateral conical lobes connected by a narrow median isthmus. Each lobe measures 5 cm long, its greatest transverse and anteroposterior extents being 3 cm and 2 cm, respectively. The isthmus connects ...

During Drosophila oogenesis, border cells perform a stereotypic migration. Slbo, a C/EBP transcription factor, is required for this migration. Here we identify Drosophila Stat92E (signal transducer and activator of transcription) in a screen for gain-of-function suppressors of the slbo mutant phenotype. By clonal analysis for Stat92E and hop (Drosophila JAK) mutants we find that the JAK/STAT pa...