Passivation behavior of high silver containing copper anodes was investigated using slowly cooled Cu- 1%Ag different lead (Pb) concentrations. The addition Pb distributes in the phase and reduces amount that is solidly soluble and, thus, generates a fine powder on anode surface which main contributing factor passivation. Electrorefining experiments were conducted synthetic electrolyte 40 g/L Cu...

Nickel behavior has a significant role in the electrorefining of copper, and although it been extensively studied from anode electrolyte point view over past decades, studies on nickel contamination at cathode are limited. In current paper, three possible mechanisms—particle entrapment, inclusions co-electrodeposition—were investigated. Copper (Cu-ER) was conducted laboratory scale, cathodes we...

The use of copper anode slime (CAS) for the removal lead, bismuth, and arsenic is key to recovering precious metals. In this paper, vacuum differential gravimetry experiments combined with thermodynamic equilibrium calculations reveal effects temperature, system pressure, carbon concentration on interactions among Pb, Bi, As during reduction. content a direct factor limiting reduction reactions...

Tin anode slime is a by-product of the tin electrolytic refining process. This study investigated route to separate Sn, Sb, Bi, and Cu from after leaching with hydrochloric acid. In solvent extraction process tributyl phosphate, Sb Sn were extracted into organic phase. Bi unextracted remained in liquid stripping experiment, stripped separated HCl HNO3. aqueous phase also chemical precipitation ...

patients and methods: this study included 526 subjects. gallstones and bile samples of the patients were cultured. isolates were identified by different biochemical tests and examined for their β-glucuronidase activity, slime production and urease activity. biostatistical analyses were done to determine the relationship between the biliary bacterial factors and the types of gallstones. role of ...