Animal health depends on many factors and recently it has been appreciated that diet plays a pivotal role in health maintenance and prevention of various diseases. Among many dietary factors, antioxidants have a special place being major players in the battle for animal survival, maintenance of animal health, productive and reproductive performance. This is largely because of the detrimental ef...

Proteoglycans are widely expressed in animal cells. Interactions between negatively charged glycosaminoglycan chains and molecules such as growth factors are essential for differentiation of cells during development and maintenance of tissue organisation. We propose that glycosaminoglycan chains play a role in targeting of proteoglycans to their proper cellular or extracellular location. The va...

Stud bull plays an important role in the development of animal husbandry. Detailed knowledge about maintenance behavior of stud bulls is essential for practicing better management conditions in the farm to support the artificial insemination (AI) industry demand. Therefore, a comparative study was conducted on stud bulls to evaluate the effect of genetic group, season, genetic group × season in...

Drives and motivations assist in natural action selection through temporarily focusing an agent’s behavioural attention on particular problems, thus escaping problems of dithering between goals. In artificial systems and models, durativestate-based mechanisms for action selection like emotions and drives have sometimes been neglected altogether in favour of planned or reactive control, or somet...

Factors influencing the maintenance of genetic variation in quantitative traits in populations undergoing artificial selection are reviewed. Formulae are given for simple cases, in particular for the infinitesimal model where variation is lost by genetic drift and gained by mutation and therefore the minimum population size to maintain genetic variation is a function of mutation rate. For genes...