introduction: a variety of mesial and distal projections have been suggested for separating the canals in a multi-canaled root. but there is no general agreement on the best angulation for each tooth. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the x-ray horizontal angle for separating the canals of four-canal first mandibular molars. materials and methods: forty four-canaled mandibular molars we...

OBJECTIVE(S) Clinical assessment of maximal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) diameter assumes clinical equivalency between ultrasound (US) and axial computed tomography (CT). Three-dimensional (3D) CT reconstruction allows for the assessment of AAA in the orthogonal plane and avoids oblique cuts due to AAA angulation. This study was undertaken to compare maximal AAA diameter by US, axial CT, and...

Results Conservative treatment was indicated in 393 patients. 27% of patients do not accept the proposed treatment or interrupt it spontaneously. 23% of patients have a physiological angulation less than 44° at the end of treatment. 43% of patients were reviewed two years after removal of the brace. The initial kyphosis angle was 60.5°. The final angulation 2 years after removal of the brace wa...

Several similar projections utilizing cranial and caudal angulation of the X-ray tube in various obliquities have been described recently for coronary angiography and left ventriculography. These views provide improved visualization of the proximal branches of the left coronary artery, the region of the crux of the right coronary artery, and the left ventricle in the left anterior oblique proje...

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to assess effects of translation (horizontal displacement) and angulation (transducer tilting) on 3-dimensional (3D) echocardiographic volumes of both balloons and human left ventricles after autopsy. METHODS Six water-filled (non-) aneurysmatic balloons of 150, 250, and 350 mL and 3 hearts of different sizes and shapes were suspended upright in a water ba...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between beam angulation and air kerma in a modern cardiac catheterization laboratory. BACKGROUND Recent reports have identified the merits of reducing radiation scatter, an important determinant of radiation dose in the catheterization laboratory. Radiation scatter is poorly characterized in the context of catheterization labora...

The accuracy of measuring angulation of stable proximal humerus fractures using the axillary lateral projection was investigated. A closing wedge osteotomy with apex anterior angulation was performed on two cadaveric humeri to simulate a stable surgical neck fracture. One specimen was fixed at 30 degrees angulation and the other at 55 degrees. Axillary radiographs were taken with each specimen ...

The differences in angulation and length observed for the fibers of anatomical muscles may reflect two distinct mechanical requirements: arrangement for pinnation, reflecting an increase in physiological cross-section and arrangement for equivalent placement of sarcomeres, possibly associated with coordination. The observed differences in fiber angulation and length have different effects upon ...