network marketing phenomenon in which mendacious mediators are eliminated, basically is a useful matter. but the companies so-called pyramidal schemes misuse this title. in this companies there isn’t any production, consumable goods and useful work and they just constitute the pyramids in which the money belongs to persons in lower level go into the pocket of company and few people who are in t...

opening the market early for consumers and for funding the expensive lawsuit. Yet Cobalt, which had agreed to delay consumer access to the generic brand by abandoning its effort to knock out what proved to be a patent that never should have been issued in the first place, was able to “double-dip.” Cobalt was able to keep the money it was paid by the brand-name drug company to abandon the patent...

BACKGROUND Registration trials leading to the approval of drugs are paramount in drug development. After approval, continuous efforts are necessary to ensure proper use of the approved drugs. In Japan, post-marketing surveillance (PMS) by drug companies is conducted in accordance with good post-marketing study practice (GPSP). Although the global standard for pharmacovigilance is incorporated i...

BACKGROUND Phase III clinical trials and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory decisions are critical for success of new drugs and can influence a company's market valuation. Knowledge of trial results before they are made public (ie, "inside information") can affect the price of a drug company's stock. We examined the stock prices of companies before and after public announcements rega...

In 1987, a group infection of hepatitis in patients receiving a contaminated fibrinogen product was first reported to the Japanese regulatory agency. Eventually, this serious drug incident involved more than 10,000 cases of infection. In response, the Government of Japan established a responding inspection committee in 2008 to make recommendations for the restructuring of drug regulatory admini...

Lurie and colleagues’ comparison of FDA letters not approving applications for new drugs and associated public announcements from sponsors provides a valuable but rare peek behind the Food andDrugAdministration’s “iron curtain.” The discussion section begins, “our analysis found that the FDA’s reasons for not approving marketing applications for new molecular entities are not being fully convey...

Business expansions along with number of new companies being engaged in variety of industries aimed at getting bigger market share, underscored the role of corporate governance within the financial sphere. One of the important issues in corporate governance is acquisition. Due to the significant impact of companies in refining and petrochemical sectors on capital market and whole economy, their...

Fiduciary law is highly instructive about the limits of what may be agreed to by physician-researchers and sponsor drug companies when their agreements implicate the interests of patients who volunteer as subjects in clinical trials. On October 26, 2001, the Report of the Committee of Inquiry on the Case Involving Dr. Nancy Olivieri, the Hospital for Sick Children, the University of Toronto and...

CONTEXT While exposure to and attitudes about drug company interactions among residents have been studied extensively, relatively little is known about relationships between drug companies and medical students. OBJECTIVE To measure third-year medical students' exposure to and attitudes about drug company interactions. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In 2003, we distributed a 64-item anony...