Leaves of Artemisia annua linn. and Azadirachta indica were extracted in petroleum ether and hexane respectively by different methods of extraction i.e. cold extraction, reflux extraction and soxhlet extraction. The crude extract obtained was tested against third instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi. On comparison of larval mortality of crude extract obtained by these three methods, both soxhle...

Cenococcum graniforme, Suillus luteus, Thelephora terrestris, and three isolates of Pisolithus tinctorius were cultured on modified Melin-Norkrans medium at pH 3.4 and adjusted to 0 to 500 ppm (0 to 500 mug/ml) of aluminum or manganese sulfate. Except for T. terrestris, which was intolerant of aluminum at 150 and 250 to 500 ppm, and P. tinctorius isolate 250, which was intolerant of aluminum at...

Three experiments involving 296 pigs were conducted to determine the related effects of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfide on performance and liver copper and iron stores of growing-finishing pigs, and the effect of ferrous sulfide on the depletion of copper from the liver. The dietary addition of 250 ppm copper alone improved growth rate by 9.2% (621 vs 678 g/day) and feed to gain ratio by 3.3...

We evaluated the lethal effects of household bleach (5.25% sodium hypochlorite; NaOCI) on immature Aedes aegypti in tap water, with and without food, and in field-collected automobile tires. A sublethal dose was employed as a disinfectant in tires to control immatures through the destruction of microorganisms that constitute the main food items of mosquito larvae. The concentration of bleach th...

Isolation and identification of secondary metabolite compound from chloroform fraction of Usnea longissima and its bioactivity test as an antibacterial had been conducted. The isolation of the chemical compound was performed by using Gravity Column Chromatography (GCC) and ThinLayered Chromatography (TLC). The result showed the needle crystal shaped isolated compound with translucent white colo...

Nonlethal management alternatives are needed to reduce avian depredation of agricultural crops. Caffeine has promise as an effective, economical, and environmentally safe avian repellent, yet formulation improvements are needed for field applications. We included sodium benzoate in subsequent formulations to enhance the solubility of caffeine. Red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) discrim...

The effect of ascorbic acid (AA) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) supplementation on aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens (1 to 42 days of age) was investigated (250, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm for AA and BHA) in diet containing 1 ppm total aflatoxin (AF: 76.45% AFB1, 10.52% AFB2, 9.89% AFG1 and 3.14% AFG2). A total of 300 day-old broiler chicks were divided into ten treatment groups (T1=control; T2...

The chemopreventive action of 40 and 80% maximum tolerated dose (MTD) levels of piroxicam, D,L-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DMFO), 16 alpha-fluoro-5-androsten-17-one (DHEA analogue 8354), and ellagic acid (EA) administered in diet individually and in combination before and during initiation and postinitiation phases of azoxymethane-induced neoplasia of the intestine was studied in male F344 r...

The preservation of fresh produce served as salads through soaking with solutions containing naturally occurring phenolic ingredients is of merit. For a primary assay, thymol and resveratrol at 0-500 ppm were prepared and used to inhibit growth and survival of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Thymol and resveratrol exhibited potent inhibitory activities against the growth of both bac...

Nasal, respiratory, reproductive and developmental toxicities of propylene oxide (PO) were examined by exposing male and female Sprague-Dawley rats to PO vapor by inhalation at a concentration of 0 (control), 125, 250, 500 or 1,000 ppm for 6 h/d, 7 d/wk, during a 5- to 6-wk period, including premating, mating and postmating or gestation. The inhalation exposure to 1,000 ppm PO seriously affecte...