We endeavored here to shed light on the supply of glutathione (GSH) precursors from glial cells to neurons and on the interference of ammonia with this process. Administration of ammonium chloride (ammonia) via a microdialysis probe to the rat prefrontal cortex rapidly increased GSH content in the microdialysates. The increase was abrogated by the inhibitor of astrocytic energy metabolism fluor...

This paper presents powerful techniques for the development of a new monitoring method based on multi-scale entropy (MSE) in order to characterize the behaviour of the concentrations of different gases present in the synthesis of Ammonia and soft-sensor based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Keywords—Ammonia synthesis, concentrations of different gases, soft sensor, multi-scale entropy, m...

This paper presents the simulation of auto-thermal ammonia synthesis reactor. Our target here is to estimate the optimal reactor length which will give the maximum profit from the ammonia reactor. There are many literatures which are interested in ammonia simulation in the past but all need some corrections due to either uncorrected model used or uncorrected algorithm. We used here the ODE45 so...

Ammonia was directly synthesised from wet air at 400 °C at atmospheric pressure. A new perovskite Sm(0.6)Ba(0.4)Fe(0.8)Cu(0.2)O(3-δ) was used as the electrocatalyst for electrochemical synthesis of ammonia. Ammonia formation rates of 9.19 × 10(-7) mol s(-1) m(-2) and 1.53 × 10(-6) mol s(-1) m(-2) were obtained at 400 °C when wet air and wet N2 were introduced into a simple single chamber reacto...

The chemical form of the potassium promoter on an iron-alumina catalyst during ammonia synthesis has been studied by two methods, viz, (i) the measurement of the equilibrium constant of the process KNH, + He = KH + NH,, and (ii) chemical analysis of the used catalyst. The equilibrium constant measurements gave KTza = (12.9 k 0.5) X 10m3, AHl,,(KNH,) =-I 19 * 3 kJ mol-’ and S,O,,(KNH,) = 109 ? 4...

Ammonia is a crucial chemical feedstock for fertilizer production and is a potential energy carrier. However, the current method of synthesizing ammonia, the Haber-Bosch process, consumes a great deal of energy. To reduce energy consumption, a process and a substance that can catalyze ammonia synthesis under mild conditions (low temperature and low pressure) are strongly needed. Here we show th...

The present study was designed to determine: (i) the role of the reductive amination of alpha-ketoglutarate via the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction in furnishing mitochondrial glutamate and its transamination into aspartate; (ii) the relative incorporation of perfusate 15NH4Cl, [2-15N]glutamine or [5-15N]glutamine into carbamoyl phosphate and aspartate-N and, thereby, [15N]urea isotopomers; an...

To determine the effects of ammonia load on glucose metabolism in ruminant small intestinal tissues, duodenal mucosal cells (DMC) were isolated from growing female sheep (n = 10; 46. 0 +/- 0. 8 kg of BW) fed diets differing in CP content: high (19. 4%) vs. low (13. 1%). Ammonia concentration in the duodenal digesta fluid was greater for sheep fed a high CP diet compared with those fed a low CP ...

Apart from its role in ammonia elimination hepatic urea synthesis helps to maintain the acid-base homeostasis. To understand this sophisticated control mechanism a mathematical model was developed that includes the glutamine metabolism of the liver at its core. The model consists of sigmoid kinetic functions controlling the periportal production of ammonia by glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2), the periv...

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding on the excretory nitrogen (N) metabolism of the giant mudskipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri, with special emphasis on the role of urea synthesis in ammonia detoxification. The ammonia and urea excretion rates of P. schlosseri increased 1.70- and 1.92-fold, respectively, within the first 3 h after feeding on guppies. Simultane...