The current critical level for ammonia (CLE(NH3)) in Europe is set at 8mug NH(3) m(-3) as an annual average concentration. Recent evidence has shown specific effects of ammonia (NH(3)) on plant community composition (a true ecological effect) at much smaller concentrations. The methods used in setting a CLE(NH3) are reviewed, and the available evidence collated, in proposing a new CLE(NH3) for ...

Ammonia (NH3) emissions from poultry litter results in air pollution and can cause high levels of NH3 in poultry houses, which negatively impacts bird performance. The objectives of this study were to: (1) conduct a nitrogen (N) mass balance in broiler houses by measuring the N inputs (bedding, chicks, and feed) and N outputs (birds marketed, mortality, litter/cake, NH3 emissions, and nitrous o...

The gas sensor based on pristine graphene with conductance type was studied theoretically and experimentally. The time response of conductance measurements showed a quickly and largely increased conductivity when the sensor was exposed to ammonia gas produced by a bubble system of ammonia water. However, the desorption process in vacuum took more than 1 h which indicated that there was a larger...

We report the detection of the (J,K) = (1,1), (2,2), and (3,3) inversion lines of ammonia (NH3) towards the south–western molecular lobe in M82. The relative intensities of the ammonia lines are characterized by a rotational temperature of Trot = 29 ± 5K which implies an average kinetic temperature of Tkin ≈ 60K. A Gaussian decomposition of the observed spectra indicates increasing kinetic temp...

The normal intersurface forces between nanosized probe tips functionalized with COO-- and NH3+-terminated alkanethiol self-assembling monolayers and dense polycrystalline phase pure synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) were measured via a powerful nanomechanical technique called chemically specific high-resolution force spectroscopy. The data taken on approach of the probe tip to the HA surface was co...

This is a review paper on the effects of aluminum sulfate (alum) on ammonia volatilization and P runoff from poultry litter. Initially, laboratory studies were conducted that showed P solubility could be reduced in poultry litter with Al, Ca, and Fe amendments, indicating that these amendments may reduce P runoff. These results were confirmed in small plot studies in which alum applications to ...

Renal ammonia excretion is the predominant component of renal net acid excretion. The majority of ammonia excretion is produced in the kidney and then undergoes regulated transport in a number of renal epithelial segments. Recent findings have substantially altered our understanding of renal ammonia transport. In particular, the classic model of passive, diffusive NH3 movement coupled with NH4+...

Penta-ammine dioxide uranium(V) nitrate ammonia (1/1), [UO2(NH3)5]NO3·NH3, was obtained in the form of yellow crystals from the reaction of caesium uranyl nitrate, Cs[UO2(NO3)3], and uranium tetra-fluoride, UF4, in dry liquid ammonia. The [UO2]+ cation is coordinated by five ammine ligands. The resulting [UO2(NH3)5] coordination polyhedron is best described as a penta-gonal bipyramid with the O...

This project aimed at producing a concentrated nitrogen fertilizer from liquid swine manure using electrodialysis (ED) and reverse osmosis (RO), as a mean to help resolve the excess nutrient problem faced by many swine producers, and offer an alternative to chemical nitrogen fertilizer production. Different types of ED membranes were evaluated based on the NH4+ transfer rate, current efficiency...

The acute toxicity of ammonia on Thulinius ruffoi (Bertolani, 1981), a eutardigrade isolated from a small waste water treatment plant (WWTP) in Poland, was estimated. Our results show that no active individuals survived a 24 h exposure to solutions equal to or higher than 125 mg/L of total ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N + NH4 (+)-N), which, under the conditions in our experiment, was equivalent to 1.1...