Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia is a rare, distinct disorder that is sufficiently different from the other diseases in the group of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias to be designated as a separate entity. In its most typical presentation, it is characterized by dyspnea and cough, with multiple patchy alveolar opacities on pulmonary imaging. Definite diagnosis is obtained by the finding of bud...

traumatic injuries in the primary dentition pose major challenges for management. this emergency treatment requires proper planning so as to achieve favorable results. trauma causing severe dentoalveolar injuries, especially in children, needs an interdisciplinary approach so as to retain normal functional anatomy for that age. this article describes a clinical innovative technique, which utili...

conclusions hepatic alveolar hydatid cyst should be considered one of the important differential diagnoses of liver masses, especially in endemic areas of the world. results there were 24 published cases of liver-involved alveolar hydatid cyst from iran. the disease was more common in young- to middle-aged women in northeast iran. the most common presenting signs and symptoms were abdominal pai...

INTRODUCTION Cleft lip and palate are craniofacial anomalies highly prevalent in the overall population. In oral clefts involving the alveolar ridge, variations of number, shape, size and position are observed in maxillary lateral incisors. The objective of this manuscript is to elucidate the embryonic origin of maxillary lateral incisors in order to understand the etiology of these variations....

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and TGF-beta3 are normally expressed at high levels in the mammary gland during quiescence and at all stages of development, except lactation. Exogenously added TGF-beta1, -beta2, and -beta3 have been shown to regulate growth and differentiation of mammary epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. TGF-betas signal through a heteromeric complex of type I and t...

T1alpha, a differentiation gene of lung alveolar epithelial type I cells, is developmentally regulated and encodes an apical membrane protein of unknown function. Morphological differentiation of type I cells to form the air-blood barrier starts in the last few days of gestation and continues postnatally. Although T1alpha is expressed in the foregut endoderm before the lung buds, T1alpha mRNA a...

Ameloblastoma is an infiltrative benign neoplasm in the mandible or maxilla that locally aggressive with rare metastasizing capacity. This lesion most common tumor of odontogenic epithelium. However, its occurrence children low, representing only 10–15% all reported ameloblastoma cases. In treating such neoplasms pediatric patients, preservation vital structures as inferior alveolar nerve (IAN)...

Exposure of female Holtzman rats to constant light (24 hr/day) immediately after birth significantly increased 9, 10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene-induced mammary cancer. Such "functionally pinealectomized" animals also revealed significant increase in the circulating level of prolactin and exaggerated development and proliferative activity of mammary epithelium, as measured by quantitation of te...

Mammary carcinomas induced by the administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) to young virgin rats arise from undifferentiated terminal ductal structures called terminal end buds (TEBs). TEBs that normally differentiate into alveolar buds (ABs) and lobules under the influence of DMBA develop intraductal proliferations which progress to carcinoma. The high susceptibility of the young...

Bilateral innervation allows more than 80% of the 610 vallate taste buds to survive removal of one IXth nerve in adult rats. Removal of both IXth nerves in neonatal or adult rats results in the absence of taste buds. In studying development, we found that removing or crushing one IXth nerve in three-day-old neonates profoundly decreased the number of vallate taste buds that subsequently develop...