This introduction to the industrial primary aluminum production process presents a short description of the electrolytic reduction technology, the history of aluminum, and the importance of this metal and its production process to modern society. Aluminum's special qualities have enabled advances in technologies coupled with energy and cost savings. Aircraft capabilities have been greatly enhan...

The production of barrier packaging materials, e.g., for food, by physical vapor deposition (PVD) of inorganic coatings such as aluminum on polymer substrates is an established and well understood functionalization technique today. In order to achieve a sufficient barrier against gases, a coating thickness of approximately 40 nm aluminum is necessary. This review provides a holistic overview of...

in this paper, the accumulative channel-die compression bounding (accb) method is investigated as a new method of severe plastic deformation to produce nano-crystalline bulk metals on the basis of pressing in a channel mold. aluminum as one of the most usable metal in industry is processed using this method. analyzing the processed samples show that after four passes of accb method, the ultimat...

abstract   aluminum is one of the most important heavy metals which not only can be easily absorbed by roots, but it also damages its normal function and blocks absorption of water and nutrients. according to this fact that sunflower has been widely used in industry, this study investigates the effects of aluminum toxicity on biochemical factors in two sunflower varieties including sirena (tole...

Cathodic activation examined with reference to the cold fuslon developments (controversy). Historically cathodic activation has been used for plating preparation of p a s s i v e (o x i d e) s u r f a c e s e.g. nickel/chromium alloys, niobium and powdered metals. More recent results of work employing cathodic activation for preparing aluminum for plating will be presented e.g. process paramete...

Aluminum is known as a toxic metal today. Aluminum has already been determined to cause asthma bronchial and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It was also reported that Shaver disease undergoing fibrosis with large bubbles and the symptoms of potroom asthma had developed in the workers working in the manufacture of aluminum. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between alum...

Traditional research on production scheduling in aluminum industry, aimed to certain production process, simply pursued the output as the highest aim, scheduled based on experience, so that the result of scheduling cannot reach the global optimization, and cannot realize production scheduling and resource allocation with the aim of optimal energy consumption, resulting in the waste of energy. T...

Corrosion is the degradation or deterioration of metal components due to a reaction with the environment. Chromate conversion coating is applied to passivate metallic surface to slow down (and prevent to some extent) corrosion process. Chromate conversion process uses chromium compounds including hexavalent chromium, which is toxic, carcinogenic and hazardous to human health and environment. He...

In the aluminum age, it is clearly unpalatable for aluminum, the globe's most successful metal, to be implicated in human disease. It is unpalatable because for approximately 100 years human beings have reaped the rewards of the most abundant metal of the Earth's crust without seriously considering the potential consequences for human health. The aluminum industry is a pillar of the developed a...