One of the first subjects introduced to students of environmental chemistry is the aqueous chemistry of aluminum. This metal is the third most abundant element in the shallow Earth, where it hydrolyzes in water to produce a rich array of solute molecules and solids, including clays and aluminum hydroxide phases. Although these materials are ubiquitous, we are just beginning to understand the ki...

The kinetic of the heterogeneous chemical reaction of aluminum hydroxide and fluosilicic acid was studied. It was found that the diffusion of the reactants through the porous silica coating to the aluminum hydroxide surface and the interfacial chemical reaction between the diffusing reactant and aluminum hydroxide platelets control the overall reaction rate. These two phenomena were studied...

Aluminum compounds were first identified as adjuvant over 90 years ago [1]. Adjuvants (immunopotentiators or immuno modulators) in vaccine formulations aim to enhance, accelerate and prolong the specific immune response towards the desired response to vaccine antigens. Advantages of adjuvants include the enhancement of the immunogenicity of antigens, modification of the nature of the immune res...

Triazolam 0.5 mg was administered to 11 dialysis patients and 11 age, weight and sex matched controls. Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) were higher in control subjects, but there were no other differences between the groups. When dialysis patients took triazolam with 3600 mg aluminum hydroxide suspension, Cmax and AUC were increased into the range observed in control subjects. It appears that ...

ONS-3010 is being developed by Oncobiologics Inc. (Cranbury, NJ, USA) as a biosimilar of Humira®. This randomized, double blind, single-center phase I study (EudraCT registration # 2013-003551-38) was performed to demonstrate pharmacokinetic (PK) biosimilarity between two reference products (Humira® EU and US) and ONS-3010 in healthy volunteers, and to compare the safety and immunogenicity prof...

The serological response and efficacy of Bacillus anthracis recombinant protective antigen (rPA) vaccines formulated with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, either with or without formaldehyde, were evaluated in rabbits. Rabbits that had been injected with a single dose of 25 microg of rPA adsorbed to 500 microg of aluminum in aluminum hydroxide gel (Alhydrogel) had a significantly higher quantitativ...

Xylanase plays important roles in a broad range of industrial production as a biocatalyst, and its applications commonly require immobilization on supports to enhance its stability. Aluminum hydroxide, a carrier material with high surface area, has the advantages of simple and low-cost preparation and resistance to biodegradation, and can be potentially used as a proper support for xylanase imm...

Renal stone disease is characterized by the differences depending on the age, gender, and the geographic location of the patients. Seventy-five percent of the renal stone components is the calcium (Ca). The most common type of the stones is the Ca oxalate stones, while Ca phosphate, uric acid, struvite, and sistine stones are more rarely reported. Other than these types, triamterene, adenosine,...

The localization of neutralization determinants within the envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been largely achieved by immunizing small animals in conjunction with Freund's adjuvant. However, for eventual use in humans, candidate HIV vaccine components must also be efficacious in a nontoxic formulation. We describe here the production of hybrid Ty viruslike particl...