Foundries where non-ferrous metals are cast are often very hot and it is not uncommon in the height of summer for a foundry to be closed shortly after midday because conditions become too hot for sustained work. This survey of typical working environments in such foundries was made at the request of a Joint Standing Committee of the Ministry of Labour and National Service consisting of represen...

In a survey of health and environmental conditions in the Butterley Foundries (Keatinge and Potter, 1945) one of the principal health risks to which the workers were exposed was found to be pneumoconiosis, and it was estimated that the potential dust risk of fettlers was many times greater than that to which other workers in the foundries were exposed. Sixty foundry men, divided into broad occu...

www.PosterPresentations.com • Chip design quality affects the manufacturing process. • Dielectric thickness inside chip during tape-out may degrade yield. • Thickness variation is proportional to local feature density [4] (Fig. 4) • During Chemical-Mechanical Polishing (CMP) process, the thickness variation may increase due to difference in density of overlaying layer. [5]. • To improve chip ma...

Today’s System on Chip (SoC) is being incorporated with digital, analog, radio frequency, photonic and other devices [1]. More recently, sensors, actuators, and biochips are also being integrated into these already powerful SoCs. On one hand, SoC integration has been enabled by advances in mixed system integration and the increase in the wafer sizes (currently about 300 mm and projected to be 4...

Foundries employ green sand molds, which contain coal, silica sand, clay, water, and core binders. This represents one of the largest non-combustion users of coal. When the coal experiences high temperature during the metal casting process, it undergoes pyrolysis reactions and can generate significant amounts of volatile organic compounds. Some of the compounds are released as hazardous air pol...