The cell formation (CF) is one of the most important steps in the design of a cellular manufacturing system (CMS), which it includes machines’ grouping in cells and part grouping as separate families, so that the costs are minimized. The various aspects of the problem should be considered in a CF. The machine reliability and the tool assigned to them are the most important problems which have t...

The development of computerized systems in the financial industry facilitated the growth of the stock exchange market for institutional and private investors. Paperless settlement systems for stocks and bonds were first introduced in the Nordic region. The successful introduction of the new infrastructure for the securities markets was the result of solid cooperation between market participants...

The European Palliative Care Research Collaboration is updating the EAPC recommendations on opioids in cancer pain management. A systematic literature search on Medline on the use of alternative routes for opioid application identified 242 papers, with 72 publications included in the final evaluation. Two or more alternative routes of opioid application were compared in 18 papers with a total o...

Every human likes choices. But today’s fast route planning algorithms usually compute just a single route between source and target. There are beginnings to compute alternative routes, but this topic has not been studied thoroughly. Often, the aspect of meaningful alternative routes is neglected from a human point of view. We fill in this gap by suggesting mathematical definitions for such rout...

Introduction ▼ Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland, regulating the circadian rhythm in mammals [1]. Exogenous administration of melatonin improves sleep quality [2], reduces jet lag [3], and possesses analgesic [4, 5], anti-oxidative [6, 7] and anti-inflammatory effects [6]. Melatonin is traditionally administered orally, but the drug displays a poor and variable bioavailability...

Introduction ▼ Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland, regulating the circadian rhythm in mammals [1]. Exogenous administration of melatonin improves sleep quality [2], reduces jet lag [3], and possesses analgesic [4, 5], anti-oxidative [6, 7] and anti-inflammatory effects [6]. Melatonin is traditionally administered orally, but the drug displays a poor and variable bioavailability...