forest road construction is the most costly operation in forestry. road designing and construction in unsuitable areas may increase construction and maintenance costs and also cause many environmental impacts. therefore, it is required to pay more attention to forest road design. in this research, we tried to introduce an appropriate method for locating forest roads using gis and ahp simultaneo...

Communities that surround an operating construction site often find themselves subjected to negative impacts such as annoyances and economic losses. The latter often called ‘‘social costs’’, refer to the monetary equivalent of consumed resources, loss of income and loss of enjoyment experienced by parties not engaged in the contractual agreement, solely due to a construction process. Social cos...

Rough Sets theory is a mathematical approach for analysis of a vague description of objects presented by a well-known mathematician, Pawlak (1982, 1991). This paper explores the use of Rough Sets theory in site location investigation of buried concrete water reservoirs. Making an appropriate decision in site location can always avoid unnecessary expensive costs which is very important in constr...

spending costs in construction of road pavements has turned this subject into one of the significant points in transportation infrastructure of countries. concrete slabs consider as a paving method with ability of reducing the rehabilitation needs. therefore, to manage costs and optimize the thickness of concrete pavements, recognizing the amount of determinative factors’ influence will be requ...

In decentralized construction projects, costs are mostly related to investment, material, holding, logistics, and other minor costs for implementation. For this reason, simultaneous planning of these items and appropriate scheduling of activities can significantly reduce the total costs of the project undertaken. This paper investigates the decentralized multiple construction projects schedulin...

The paper studies equilibria for economies with imperfect competition and non-convex technologies. Following Negishi, firms maximise profits under downward-sloping perceived demand functions. Negishi’s assumptions, in particular the assumption of a single monopolistic competitor in each market, are relaxed. Existence of equilibria is obtained, under otherwise standard assumptions, for productio...