In this article, we define a new class of convexity called generalized $(h-m)$-convexity, which generalizes $h$-convexity and $m$-convexity on fractal sets $\mathbb{R}^{\alpha}$ $(0<\alpha\leq 1)$. Some properties are discussed. Using local fractional integrals Hermite-Hadamard (H-H) Fej\'er-Hermite-Hadamard (Fej\'er-H-H) types inequalities. We also obtained result the Fej\'er-H-H type for func...

A challenge in understanding the mechanism of protein function in biology is to establish the correlation between functional form in the intracellular environment and high-resolution structures obtained with in vitro techniques. Here we present a strategy to probe conformational changes of proteins inside cells. Our method involves: (i) engineering binding proteins to different conformations of...

Tamoxifen reduces the relative risk of breast cancer developing from specific premalignant lesions. Many breast cancers that arise after tamoxifen treatment are estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha)-negative, although premalignant lesions such as atypical ductal hyperplasia are highly ER-alpha-positive. The p53 null mouse mammary epithelial transplant model is characterized by ER-alpha-positive pr...

Interferon (IFN-alpha) increased estrogen receptor (ER) activity in human breast cancer tissue, human uterus (endometrium), and rabbit uterus. The optimum response was obtained with three different doses of IFN-alpha 10, 100, and 1000 U per ml. Escalation of the dose up to 5000 U per ml did not increase further ER activity. Cytosol fractions with zero or low binding activity (below 10 fm per mg...

Although estrogen is important in human skeletal homeostasis, the major target cell in bone is unknown. Estrogen receptors (ER) have been demonstrated in osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells, but their presence in osteoclasts remains controversial because completely pure preparations have not been available. We have examined expression of ER-alpha and ER-beta messenger RNA (mRNA) by RT-PCR...

During human pregnancy, the production of 17-beta-estradiol (E2) rises steadily to eighty fold at term, and placenta has been found to specifically bind estrogens. We have recently demonstrated the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) protein in human placenta and its localization in villous cytotrophoblast (CT), vascular pericytes, and amniotic fibroblasts. In vitro, E2 stimulated ...

Estradiol, together with PRL and placental lactogens, regulates steroidogenesis and cell hypertrophy in the rat corpus luteum of pregnancy. Although binding experiments have demonstrated the presence of estrogen-binding sites, no evidence exists as to whether the rat corpus luteum of pregnancy expresses the estrogen receptor (ER) genes. In this investigation, we have analyzed the expression of ...

We have examined the tissue-specific mRNA expression of ER alpha and ER beta in various bovine tissues using real-time RT-PCR. The goal of this study was to evaluate the deviating tissue sensitivities and the influence of the estrogenic active preparation RALGRO on the tissue-specific expression and regulation of both ER subtypes. RALGRO contains Zeranol (alpha-Zearalanol), a derivative of the ...

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis is involved in many diseases, but the mechanisms linking ER stress to apoptosis are incompletely understood. Based on roles for C/EPB homologous protein (CHOP) and ER calcium release in apoptosis, we hypothesized that apoptosis involves the activation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) via CHOP-induced ERO1-alpha (ER oxidase ...

Differential signalling between the two oestrogen receptor (ER) isoforms in the presence of tamoxifen has been described. We hypothesise that differential recruitment of the steroid receptor co-activator, SRC-3 to ER-alpha and ER-beta may in part explain associations between ER isoforms and response to endocrine treatment. SRC-3 was localised within epithelial cells of breast tumour tissue and ...