Is the cost of living higher for the poor? Recent studies based on unit values (the ratio of expenditure to quantity) suggest that poor households pay substantially higher prices because liquidity constraints force them to purchase goods in small quantities and not realize bulk discounts. Unit values are subject to several biases and reflect economizing choices made by households, so they may n...

‎this paper proposes a multi-supplier multi-product inventory model in which the suppliers have unlimited production capacity, allow delayed payment, and offer either an all-unit or incremental discount. the retailer can delay payment until after they have sold all the units of the purchased product. the retailer’s warehouse is limited, but the surplus can be stored in a rented warehouse at a...

‎This paper proposes a multi-supplier multi-product inventory model in which the suppliers have unlimited production capacity, allow delayed payment, and offer either an all-unit or incremental discount. The retailer can delay payment until after they have sold all the units of the purchased product. The retailer’s warehouse is limited, but the surplus can be stored in a rented warehouse at a...

Previous ordering cost reduction vendor–buyer inventory models with backorder price discount usually assumed that the buyer must pay to the vendor for the ordered items as soon as the items are received, the received quantity is same as the ordered quantity and the transportation cost is independent of the shipment lot-size. In practice, however, the vendor is willing to offer the buyer a certa...

This article extends the debate initiated by Haslag, Nieswiadomy, and Slottje (1991, 1994) and Gamber and Sorensen (1994) in this journal about whether the net discount ratio can be described as a stationary process. Haslag, Nieswiadomy, and Slottje found discount ratios to be stationary. Gamber and Sorensen concluded that they are nonstationary; however, they identified the source of the nonst...

This study was performed to determine the feasibility of integrating a full offset solar power unit at Cal Poly’s dairy operation. The dairy is relatively small, with four hundred cows and only two hundred mature milking cows. The dairy’s average annual electricity use is approximately 330,000-kilowatt hours. Based on the size and annual electricity demand, REC Solar, a local solar power compan...

The forensic economics literature hosts a continuing debate about the appropriateness of using historical verses current rates to predict future net discount rates. If the net discount rate series is stationary, which means that shocks are transitory and the series reverts to a long-term mean value, estimates based on historical values are reasonable. Alternatively, if the series exhibits a uni...

Because transportation services provided by container lines to forwarders cannot be stored, they can be considered to be newsvendor-type products. This paper discusses a method used to optimize container lines’ freight tariffs in order to maximize their expected profit by considering changes in order quantities made by forwarders responding to the price schemes suggested by the container lines....