The energy density presents the core competitiveness of lithium (Li)-ion batteries. In conventional Li-ion batteries, utilization gravimetric/volumetric at electrode level is unsatisfactory (<84 wt% and <62 vol%, respectively) due to existence non-electrochemical active parts among 3D porous electrodes, including electrolytes, binders, carbon additives. These are regarded as indispensable irred...

We report an all solid-state polarization-state generator that uses magneto-optic polarization rotators. The device can generate either five or six distinctive polarization states uniformly across a Poincaré sphere with repeatability better than 0.1 degrees. It is ideal for polarization analysis, swept-wavelength measurement, and monitoring of polarization-related parameters and signal-to-noise...