Increased connectivity and data availability enable new ways of conducting business, but they also create new security vulnerabilities. For example, to streamline a financial transaction, an organization might want to give certain strangers — that is, parties from outside its security domain — access to some of its local resources. Before doing so, however, the organization must establish firm ...

social development undoubtedly requires people participation in different domains. it seems without participation, we cannot achieve a people-centered, inclusive and sustainable social development. in the social development process, all citizens with various ethnic and religious interests are able to affect on all the social phenomena and variables, based on their competencies and mental capaci...

The evolution of studies of political parties of constitution: The first and second periods show that the evolution of parties indicates that researchers' attitude to political pheno-mena also coincide with the evolution of political realities has been transformed, and the consideration of ideologies in the analysis of the parties have replaced with religious perspectives and anti-authoritarian...

Abstract Bridging the literature on gender and politics, democratization, political parties, this article investigates causes of parties’ varying compliance with electoral quotas. Whereas research has so far focused willingness to comply, sheds light their ability do so. It suggests that more quotas parties have comply with, complex quotas’ designs, difficult implementation becomes for organiza...

March 2, 2006 Abstract: Indonesia has a tradition of corruption among local officials who harass and collect bribes from firms. Corruption flourished in the Suharto, pre-democracy era. This paper asks whether local democratization that occurred after Suharto reduced corruption and whether specific local politics, over and above the effects of local culture, affect corruption. We have a firm lev...

extended abstract 1. introduction in recent years, so many countries have paid many attention to tourism as a strategy to make money and benefit for the local communities. many researchers consider tourism an appropriate strategy for economic and social development of developing countries know. despite all the benefits of community-based tourism, in most developing countries, little authority i...

Due to the tremendously increasing popularity of the World-Wide Web, hypermedia is going to be the leading online information medium for some years to come and will most likely become the standard gateway for citizens to the “information highway”. Already today, visitors of web sites are generally heterogeneous and have different needs, and this is likely to increase in the future. The aim of t...