The first general method for the reductive dimerization of alkyl halides, alkyl mesylates, alkyl trifluoroacetates, and allylic acetates is reported which proceeds with low catalyst loading (0.5 to 5 mol%), generally high yields (80% ave yield), and good functional-group tolerance.

A combined computational and experimental study of the coordination chemistry of phosphine-alkene ligand L1 (N-diphenylphosphino-7-aza-benzobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene) with Pd(0) and Pd(II) is presented. Experimentally it is established that ligand L1 promotes direct alkyl-alkyl and indirect alkyl-halide reductive elimination from Pd(II) species, affording the palladium(0) complex [Pd(κ(2)-P,C-L1...

Alkyl nitrites have been problematic worldwide due to their recreational use. Although there is a lack of scientific information on their action on the central nervous system (CNS), many anecdotal reports and case studies have inferred the CNS actions of alkyl nitrites. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of alkyl nitrites on the CNS, especially focusing on the dopaminerg...

In rats, a single administration of acrylonitrile (vinyl cyanide) produces a rapidly occurring bilateral adrenal apoplexy. Structure-activity studies have shown that a close derivative, propionitrile (ethyl cyanide), causes duodenal ulcer without markedly affecting the adrenal glands. Prolonging the two-carbon chain of propionitrile by a methyl group (n-butyronitrile) enhances, replacing the me...

Surface active amide-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) consisting of a long alkyl chain (C6C14) connected to a polar head group (methylimidazolium or pyridinium cation) via an amide functional group were synthesized and their thermal stability, micellar properties and antimicrobial activity in aqueous solution investigated. The incorporation of an amide group increased the thermal stability of...

The metabolic dealkylation of nine nitrosodialkylamines, including five symmetrical (nitrosodimethylamine, nitrosodiethylamine, nitrosodipropylamine, nitrosodibutylamine and nitrosodiamylamine) and four asymmetrical nitrosodialkylamines (nitrosomethylethylamine, nitrosomethylpropylamine, nitrosomethylbutylamine and nitrosomethylamylamine), was investigated in 14 samples of human liver microsome...

1. The progressive development of resistance to reactivation by an oxime (;aging') shown by a series of alkyl methylphosphonyl-acetylcholinesterases is slow when the alkyl group is a primary alcohol, whether or not the carbon chain is branched, but is much more rapid if the alkyl group is a secondary or cyclic alcohol. 2. Aging is accelerated by increase of temperature or decrease of pH. 3. Agi...

A series of di-n-alkyl phosphate amphiphiles containing phenyl and phenoxy groups in the hydrophobic tails were synthesised, and their aggregation behaviour was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and cryo-electron microscopy. The aggregates displayed a wide variety of aggregate morphologies. The incorporation of a phenyl group into the end or in the...

Controlled inhibition of brain acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterases (AChE and BChE, respectively) and of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) may slow neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. It was postulated that certain carbamate esters would inhibit AChE and BChE with the concomitant release in the brain of the OH-derivatives of rasagiline or selegiline that can serve as inhibitors o...