Photoelectron spectroscopy combined with the liquid microjet technique enables the direct probing of the electronic structure of aqueous solutions. We report measured and calculated lowest vertical electron binding energies of aqueous alkali cations and halide anions. In some cases, ejection from deeper electronic levels of the solute could be observed. Electron binding energies of a given aque...

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Detachment of neutral cations/anions from solid alkali halides can in principle be provoked by donating/subtracting electrons to the surface of alkali halide crystals, but generally constitutes a very endothermic process. However, the amount of energy required for emission is smaller for atoms located in less favorable positions, such as surface steps and kinks. For a corner ion in an alkali ha...

The results of this investigation have provided additional information by chemical methods of the extent of association in fused salts. Association effects observed in solubility and rate studies in fused alkali nitrate are shown to be consistent with the assumption that complex ions such as those existing in aqueous solutions are formed between metal ions and halide ions. In addition, the rate...