the enthronement of mohammad shah qajar promised nematollahi sufis the end of difficulties they experienced during the reign of fath'ali shah and their problems in iran. kowsaralishahis and mastalishahis, as two branches of this doctrine, each tried to benefit a better position in those situations. the quality of theoretical and practical operation of these two branches of nematollahi doct...

Smallpox, which currently is only of historical interest, was once one of the most terrible illnesses with high mortality and morbidity. In the late 18th century, the English physician and naturalist, Edward Jenner (1749 - 1823), discovered an efficient preventive technique against smallpox which he termed "vaccination". Afterwards, the practice of vaccination gradually became widespread when f...

This paper brings together a description and analysis of various aspects the constitutional revolution, as revolt by society in favour law against arbitrary rule state, rather than lower upper classes European revolutions, this being characteristic major Iranian revolts both before after that event. It includes discussion which have generally been neglected, notably ‘politics elimination’ pursu...

Research objectives: The Kazakh sultan Uraz-Muhammad, who happened to find himself in the territory of Moscow Tsardom 1588, was elevated throne declining Kasimov Khanate 1600. His arrival this Turkic enclave yurt, which had been ruled by Greater Horde dynasty (Sheikh-Avliyar, Shah-Ali, Sain-Bulat, Mustafa-Ali) for a considerable period since 1516, political innovation that remains not fully exp...

Objectives: To find out common causes of reduced fetal movements. The purpose is to reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality.
 Methodology: This Prospective, Observational study was conducted at Izzat Ali Shah Maternal child health center, unit III Gynae, Wah medical college Cantt, from January 2019 December 2019. A total participants 160, who presented in the antenatal outpatient or emerg...

In the previous article under the above title a brief introduction of two rare and most valuable medical manuscripts of the Qutub Shahi period viz. IKHTIYARAT-E·QUTUB SHAHI and RISAL-E-MEQDARIAH, was presented. Now, a brief not e on three such manuscripts is being presented in this article. The names of these manuscripts are TARJUMA-E-TAZKERAT-UL KEHHALEEN. ZUBDAT·UL-HIKAM and TIBB-E-FAREEO, wh...