BACKGROUND Second-generation antipsychotic drugs have been reported to cause fewer incidences of extrapyramidal side effects (EPSs) than typical antipsychotic drugs, but adverse events such as akathisia have been observed even with atypical antipsychotic drugs. Although understanding of the pathophysiology of akathisia remains limited, it seems that a complex interplay of several neurotransmitt...

Intravenous (IV) metoclopramide is a frequently prescribed medication in the emergency department (ED). Extrapyramidal side effects like tardive dyskinesia are known to develop with chronic use of metoclopramide, while acute akathisia is a lesser known side effect following IV administration. Akathisia is characterised by a sensation of restlessness and distress, as well as constant, non-purpos...

Akathisia remains one of the most prevalent and distressful antipsychotic-induced adverse events. Effective and well-tolerated treatment is a major unmet need in akathisia that merits a search for new remedies. Accumulating evidence indicates that agents with marked serotonin-2A receptor antagonism may represent a new class of potential anti-akathisia treatment.

BACKGROUND Akathisia continues to be a significant challenge in current neurological and psychiatric practice. Prompt and accurate detection is often difficult and there is a lack of consensus concerning the neurobiological basis of akathisia. No definitive treatment has been established for akathisia despite numerous preclinical and clinical studies.] Method: We reviewed antipsychotic-induced ...

BACKGROUND Atypical antipsychotic drugs have been reported to cause fewer incidences of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) than typical antipsychotic drugs, but adverse events such as akathisia have been observed even with atypical antipsychotic drugs. Although understanding of the pathophysiology of akathisia remains limited, it seems that a complex interaction of several neurotransmitter syste...

Akathisia is an atypical disorder (or the symptom) of the motor system standing on the border of neurology and psychiatry. In neurology, akathisia is a disorder resulting mainly from disturbed dopaminergic transmission; in the field of psychiatry it is recognized as one of the extrapiramidal side effects during the treatment with neuroleptics. The paper describes the historical context of disor...

Background: Akathisia is a common adverse effect of antipsychotic drugs and is characterized by subjective feelings of restlessness. First-line treatment usually consists of propranolol, a beta adrenergic antagonist. However, propranolol does not seem to be efficacious in up to 70% of patients. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin B6 versus propranolol on antipsychotic-induced...