The adaptive immune system recognizes antigens via an immense array of antigen-binding antibodies and T-cell receptors, the immune repertoire. The interrogation of immune repertoires is of high relevance for understanding the adaptive immune response in disease and infection (e.g., autoimmunity, cancer, HIV). Adaptive immune receptor repertoire sequencing (AIRR-seq) has driven the quantitative ...

BACKGROUND To assess the risk of developing Type-1 diabetes among children who were exposed to maternal bereavement during the prenatal or 1-year preconception period. METHODS We identified N = 1,548,746 singleton births born in Denmark between January 1(st) 1979 through December 31(st) 2004, and their next of kin. Altogether, 39,857 children were exposed to bereavement during their prenatal ...

Abstract We propose multiple aerial imaging system by use of two beam splitters in the optical retro-reflection (AIRR). The AIRR consists a light source, splitter, and retro-reflector. Use two-layered enables us to show signs drivers driving lanes. purpose this paper is confirm feasibility that an display for novel traffic information provision. First, we explain configuration images road lanes...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of two strategies (enhanced hand hygiene vs meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) screening and decolonisation) alone and in combination on MRSA rates in surgical wards. DESIGN Prospective, controlled, interventional cohort study, with 6-month baseline, 12-month intervention and 6-month washout phases. SETTING 33 surgical wards of 10 hospitals in ...

BACKGROUND The etiology of type-2 diabetes is only partly known, and a possible role of prenatal stress in programming offspring for insulin resistance has been suggested by animal models. Previously, we found an association between prenatal stress and type-1 diabetes. Here we examine the association between prenatal exposure to maternal bereavement during preconception and pregnancy and develo...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among street-involved youth greatly exceed that of the general adolescent population; however, little is known regarding the structural factors that influence disease transmission risk among this population. METHODS Between September 2005 and October 2006, 529 street-involved youth were enroled in a prospective cohort...

BACKGROUND CD4 cell count and viral loads are used in clinical trials as surrogate endpoints for assessing efficacy of newly available antiretrovirals. If antiretrovirals act through other pathways or increase the risk of disease this would not be identified prior to licensing. The aim of this study was to investigate the CD4 cell count and viral load-specific rates of fatal and nonfatal AIDS a...

BACKGROUND Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis has an antimalarial effect which could have an additional protective effect against malaria in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART). We measured the incidence and associated factors of malaria in HIV-infected children on ART and/or cotrimoxazole in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. METHODS All HIV-infected children <16 years, followed-up in the IeDE...

Membership of indigenous local community groups was protective against HIV for women, but not for men, in eastern Zimbabwe during the period of greatest risk reduction (1999-2004). We use four rounds of data from a population cohort to investigate: (1) the effects of membership of multiple community groups during this period; (2) the effects of group membership in the following five years; and ...

Importance There is limited evidence supporting an association of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with suicidality and the risk factors for suicide attempt among people ASD. Existing research highlights need national cohort studies. Objectives To analyze whether ASD have higher rates compared without using register data, identify potential those ASD, examine associations comorb...