given the specific geographic and spatial location of rural areas in developing countries, to bring agrochemical to the rural farming households, it is argued, may have to come at a cost over and above the normal price it is sold in market. to this end, this work focuses on the willingness of rural farming households to pay more than the mean average regional retail price for agrochemicals in k...

The agrochemical spreading is a common and essential agricoltural practice to obtain high quality, large harvests. Agrochemicals are classified according to the target organisms designed to be controlled (insects, weeds, fungi). Of all the target organisms, weeds cause by far the greatest economic loss due to their interference in crop production. It is not surprising therefore, that herbicides...

Global consumption of agrochemicals continues to rise, despite growing evidence their adverse effects on environmental quality and human health. The extent increase varies across nations, by type chemical compounds severity the detrimental impacts. differential impacts are largely attributable level technology adoption regulation as well enforcement compliance. article highlights gaps in techni...

There is an urgent need to develop in-product covert barcodes for anti-counterfeiting of agrochemicals. This paper reports a new organic nanoparticle-based in-product barcode system, in which a panel of organic phase change nanoparticles is added as a barcode into in a variety of chemicals (herein agrochemicals). The barcode is readout by detecting melting peaks of organic nanoparticles using d...

Reproduction is essential for the continuation of the species and for life itself. In biological terms, living and reproducing are essentially one and the same. There is, therefore, no sharp division between identifying factors harmful to reproduction and identifying factors harmful to life or vice versa. Detection of harmful factors requires balanced use of a variety of methodologies from data...