Wastewater recycling and reuse through agricultural irrigation can provide an economical means of preventing pollution of surface water sources, while conserving water resources and valuable nutrients for increased crop production and grazing pastures. With proper methods of wastewater treatment, health risks to farmers and farm animals as well as to the public who consume agricultural produce ...

Reuse of treated effluent is a highly valued water source in Palestine, however with limited success due to public health concerns. This paper assesses the potential pathogens in raw, treated and reclaimed wastewater at Albireh urban wastewater treatment facility, and provides scientific knowledge to update the Palestinian reuse guidelines. Laboratory analyses of collected samples over a period...

Executive Summary 4 1. Introduction 7 2. Agricultural Reuse 8 2.1 Background 8 2.2 Current WHO Guidelines, and standards for selected countries 8 2.3 Summary of evidence supporting WHO (1989) Guidelines 11 2.3.1 Effects of use of untreated wastewater 11 2.3.1.1 Effects on farm workers or wastewater treatment plant workers 11 2.3.1.2 Effects on consumers of vegetable crops 12 2.3.2 Effects of us...

Agricultural drainage water could be a source of water for irrigation in Egypt. A case study of an agricultural drainage water near ElDare region – Borg El Arab City Alexandria, Egypt. Some Physical and chemical parameters (pH, temp, TDS, DO, EC, Salinity, NO3–N, Cl ) were measured on site during seasons of 2014, 2015. By statistical analysis from Min, Max, range, mean, SD and median a performa...

The world’s chemical industries face formidable environmental regulatory challenges in treating their wastewater effluents. The present work aims at highlighting the various industrial wastewater treatment technologies currently available including physico-chemical and biological processes as well as constructed wetland and conventional or advanced oxidation processes. Activated carbon prepared...

At present, there is growing interest in using low cost, commercially available materials for the adsorption of heavy metals. The major advantages of adsorption technologies are its effectiveness in reducing the concentration of heavy metal ions to very low levels and the use of inexpensive adsorbent materials. In this review, agricultural and forest waste adsorbents were used to remove Pb ions...

the efficiency of diazinon (as insecticides) and nitrate (related to nitrogen fertilizer) removal from contaminated water is investigated through nf membrane technique. the effects of nitrate concentration (40-160 mg/l), diazinon concentration (10-1000 µg/l) and ph (5-9) on the efficiency of a commercial polyamide nanofilter membrane at a constant pressure of (800 kpa) are investigated. the res...

The main objective of this study is to evaluate and predict the performance of slow sand filters used for wastewater treatment. The uncertainties in the control parameters and processes require fuzzy sets to be used when modelling system performance. Fuzzy logic if–then rules were used to build a model for the removal efficiency (total coliforms) of slow sand filters. The data were collected fr...

Heavy metals pollution has become a more serious environmental problem in the last several decades as a result releasing toxic materials into the environment. Various techniques such as physical, chemical, biological, advanced oxidation and electrochemical processes were used for the treatment of domestic, industrial and agricultural effluents. The commonly used conventional biological treatmen...

Over 90% of the water supplied in the coastal region in Israel in 2013 (600 Mm(3) y(-1)) will be from desalination plants. The wastewater generated from this water (>400 Mm(3) y(-1)) is planned, after proper treatment, to be reused for agricultural irrigation, making this low-salinity water the main agricultural-sector future water source. In this respect both the Mg(2 + ) concentration and the...