the objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of the turkish farmers with regard to fertilizer usage. farmers in the kazova district of turkey's tokat province were interviewed regarding their soil maintenance practices. the interview was based on a standardized questionnaire the answers being recorded at the time of interview. simple random sampling method was used to de...

The emergence of cooperation in wolf-pack hunting is studied using a simple, homogeneous, particle-based computational model. Wolves and prey are modelled as particles that interact through attractive and repulsive forces. Realistic patterns of wolf aggregation readily emerge in numerical simulations, even though the model includes no explicit wolf-wolf attractive forces, showing that the form ...

Grouping behaviours (e.g. schooling, shoaling and swarming) are commonly explicated through adaptive hypotheses such as protection against predation, access to mates or improved foraging. However, the hypothesis that aggregation can result from manipulation by parasites to increase their transmission has never been demonstrated. We investigated this hypothesis using natural populations of two c...

We investigate an aggregation model with intrinsic interactions on the special orthogonal group $SO(3)$. consider a smooth interaction potential that depends squared distance, and establish local global existence of measure-valued solutions to via optimal mass transport techniques. also study long-time behaviours such solutions, where we present sufficient conditions for formation asymptotic co...

This paper describes the use of Congestion Pricing as a means of providing Congestion Control and Di erentiated Quality of Service. The application of the proposed technique to the Internet Protocol has the advantage that it can be simply implemented using Explicit Congestion Noti cation. In particular: the network mechanism is independent of higher level protocols; the end systems can continue...

A chiral tetraphenylethene derivative with two valine-containing attachments (TPE-DVAL), was synthesized by Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne "click" reaction. The optical properties and self-assembling behaviours of TPE-DVAL were investigated. The molecule is non-emissive and circular dichroism (CD)-silent in solution, but shows strong fluorescence and Cotton effects in the aggregation state, demon...

We propose and evaluate a novel approach called Online Distributed NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (odNEAT). odNEAT is a completely distributed evolutionary algorithm for online learning in groups of embodied agents such as robots. While previous approaches to online distributed evolution of neural controllers have been limited to the optimisation of weights, odNEAT evolves both weights...

We extend a group recommender system with a case base of previous group recommendation events. We show that this offers a new way of aggregating the predicted ratings of the group members. Using user-user similarity, we align individuals from the active group with individuals from the groups in the cases. Then, using item-item similarity, we transfer the preferences of the groups in the cases o...